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List of colour plates 6 Preface 7 Referees for this book 7 Acknowledgements 8 Background to the research work 10 Layout of the Book 11 The Maps 12 Abbreviations 12 Synopsis of the region 13 The Antarctic and Subantarctic Environments: The Southern Ocean 13 Geological History 18 Geography and Climate 20 Sea Environment 25 Habitats and vegetation 29 Avifauna 30 Marine Mammals 33 Conservation in the Region 36 Checklist of Birds and Marine Mammals of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean 40 History of Antarctic Exploration 46 Bird and marine mammal topography 53 Species Accounts Birds Penguins 54 Great albatrosses 86 Small and medium albatrosses 107 Sooty albatrosses, giant petrels and distinct petrels 129 Gadfly petrels 143 Procellaria petrels and shearwaters 158 Blue Petrel and prions 173 Storm-petrels and diving-petrels 184 Cormorants and shags of the Southern Ocean 192 Gannets 207 Large skuas 210 Stercorarius skuas 218 Gulls and terns 223 Endemic and indigenous species of Subantarctic islands in the S Indian and S Atlantic Oceans and the Falklands 237 Endemic and indigenous non-passerines of New Zealand's Subantarctic islands 271 Endemic and indigenous passerines of New Zealand's subantarctic islands 281 Endemic and indigenous passerines of New Zealand's subantarctic islands 287 Marine Mammals Seals 294 Cetaceans 315 Regional descriptions (with tables of breeding species) Subantarctic islands off South America (and Checklist of Falkland Islands birds) 369 South Shetland Islands, Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea 388 South Atlantic Islands 405 Subantarctic islands in the Indian Ocean 416 Subantarctic islands south of New Zealand 434 The Ross Sea 461 East Antarctica 470 Peter I Oy 475 Other Regions and Islands 476 Islands off southern Chile and southern Argentina 476 Tasmania Group 478 Gateways to the Antarctic: pelagic and other birds and marine mammals in southern South America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand 480 Ushuaia, the Beagle Channel and sea area south of Tierra del Fuego 480 Seabird and whale viewing off South Africa 482 Observing Southern Ocean seabirds and cetaceans off Australia 484 Seabird and sea mammal viewing around New Zealand 486 Bibliography 490 Appendix 495 Organizations and Contacts in the Region 495 About the authors 496 Index 497