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The Civil War provoked animal plagues, particularly in Virginia, where the struggle attracted epizootics from their distant hearths. Cattle fever, hog cholera, and glanders converged where the armies fought, and disease remained long after Lee's surrender. Similarly, crop diseases arose from the war effort and several of these diseases became more problematic after the war as farmers tried to innovate. However, in that time of toil and trouble, the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station introduced new biotechnology that, in sum, brought the germ theory of disease to farming.