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A continuous rise in the consumption of gasoline, diesel, and other petroleum-based fuels will eventually deplete reserves and deteriorate the environment, Alternative Transportation Fuels: Utilisation in Combustion Engines explores the feasibility of using alternative fuels that could pave the way for the sustained operation of the transport sector. It assesses the potential avenues for using different alternative fuels in the transport sector, highlights several types of transport and its effect on the environment, and discusses the conventional and alternative fuels for land transport.
- Provides experimental investigations relating to the utilization of alternative fuels in the internal combustion engines
- Describes the alternative powered vehicles and potential alternative fuels for rail, marine, and aviation applications
- Highlights the potential global warming and climate change on account of utilizing the conventional and alternative fuels
The book starts off with coverage of the fuels for the land transport, aviation sector and reports on the experimental investigations relating to the utilisation of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines. It delivers an in-depth analysis of engine combustion, then focuses on fuel quality characterization and a modeling of alternative-fuelled engines, and describes alternative-powered vehicles. Based on the authors' experience at laboratories around the globe, Alternative Transportation Fuels: Utilisation in Combustion Engines presents potential alternative fuels for rail, marine, and aviation applications. It examines potential global warming and climate change that could occur from the use of conventional and alternative fuels. It provides technical guidance on the future set up of refineries and automotive industries.
Introduction: Land, Sea and Air Transportation
Transportation
Modes of Different Transportation
Indigenous Production Levels of Crude Oil from Different Countries
Import and Export Levels in Different Countries
Refining Capacities of Petrol and Diesel-Worldwide
Energy Consumption: World View
Transportation Sector: Current Scenario:
Fossil Fuel Consumption in the Transport Sector
GHG Emissions from the Transportation Sector
Environmental Concerns
Environmental Standards
Sustainability Issues
References
Conventional Fuels for Land Transportation
Conventional Fuels for Spark Ignition Engines/Vehicles
Production of Gasoline/Diesel Fuels:
Refining Process to Produce Gasoline/Diesel
Conventional Fuels for a Spark Ignition Engine
Conventional Fuels for Compression Ignition Engines/Vehicles
Conclusions
Problems
Unsolved Problems
References
Alternative Fuels for Land Transportation
Introduction
Alternative Fuels for Spark Ignition Engines
Alternative Fuels for a Compression Ignition Engine
Conclusion
References
Aviation Fuels
Introduction
Fuel Quality Requirements of Aircraft Engines (Aircrafts and Helicopters)
Aviation Gasoline Fuel
Aviation Kerosene
Compressed Natural Gas
Liquefied Natural Gas
Biodiesel-Diesel Blend
Fischer-Tropsch Diesel
Carbon-Free Fuel: Compressed and Liquid Hydrogen
Carbon-Neutral and Sustainable Fuel
Production Technology of Aviation Fuel
Volume and Weight of Aviation Fuel for Smaller and Large-Sized Aircraft
Emission and Effects by Aviation Fuel
Conclusion
References
Utilisation of Alternative Fuels in Internal Combustion Engines/Vehicles
Spark Ignition Engines
Compression Ignition Engines
Conclusion
Problems
Unsolved Problems
References
Fuel Quality Characterization for Suitability of Internal Combustion Engines
General Introduction
Fuel Quality Study
Measurement of Fuel Properties
Emission Characteristics of Internal Combustion Engines
Chassis Dynamometer Study
Control Volume Sampling
Digas Analyzer
CLD Analyzer
Biodiesel Reactor
Air Flow Meter
Gas Mass Flow Meter
Test Bench Experimental Study
Field Trial Study
Modelling of Alternative Fuelled Internal Combustion Engine
Introduction
Internal Combustion Engine Processes
Governing Equations for IC Engines
CI Engine Modelling for Alternative Fuels
Combustion in SI Engine
Problems
Unsolved problems
Nomenclature
Greek Letters
References
Alternative Powered Vehicles
General Introduction
Bi Fuel Vehicle
Dual Fuel Vehicles
Electric Vehicles
Hybrid Vehicle
Fuel Cell Vehicles
References
Alternative Fuels for Rail Transportation
Introduction
Types of Locomotives
Alternative Locomotives
References
Alternative Fuels for Marine Transportation
Introduction to Marine Fuels
Alternative Fuel for Marine Vehicles
Engine/Vehicle Technology
After-Treatment Technology for an Emission Reduction Selective Catalyst Reduction
References
Alternative Fuels for Aviation (Airbus and Helicopter)
Introduction
Importance of Air Mode Transportation
Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Aero-Engines
Progress in the Use of Alternative Fuels for the Aviation Sector
References
Global Warming and Climate Change
Introduction
Mechanism of Global Warming
Control Avenues for GHG Emissions
The Proposed GHG Emission Standards
Problems
Unsolved Problems
References
Index
M.K. Gajendra Babu is a senior professor at RMK Engineering College. He has worked in the field of computer simulation, alternative fuels, instrumentation, and emission controls for internal combustion engines for the past 44 years. He has published about 250 research papers for journals and conferences. He is a Fellow of the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) International. He has been awarded the Indian Automobile Engineer of the Year award, the Indian Society of Technical Education's Anna University Outstanding Academic Award, the Indian Society of Environment s honorary fellowships from A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, and the SAE India Foundation s Automotive Education Award.
K.A. Subramanian is an associate professor in the Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi. He is a former scientist in the Indian Institute of Petroleum. Dr. Subramanian s research area includes utilisation of alternative fuels (biodiesel, compressed natural gas, hydrogen, etc.) in internal combustion engines, the development of the homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) concept engine, greenhouse control in transport engines, sustainable power generation using a hybrid energy system, computer simulation, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). He has completed several sponsored R&D projects and published many research papers for journals and conferences. He was nominated to participate in the project Study Mission on Energy Efficiency, sponsored by the Asian Productivity Organization, Japan in 2009.
"The book presents a tour de force of technologies as diverse as oil refining, jet engines, bi-fuel engines and fuel cells. It is refreshing to see silos of knowledge being brought together in one book. In a world of emotive debate about the ethics of oil consumption, biofuel production and unequal access to transport, it is great to see an authoritative scientific treatment of the subject.
– Professor Dermot Roddy, Newcastle University, North Yorkshire, UK
" [...] The materials of production processes, utilization techniques and emission reduction of possible alternative fuels of combustion engines for various transportation modes of land, air and marine are comprehensively covered in this book. [...] The book can serve as a textbook or reference book for study, research or instructive courses related to alternative fuels."
– Professor Cherng-Yuan Lin, Department of Marine Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University
