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The demand for high quality aquacultured products and an increasing concern for resource conservation has led individuals and large corporations to invest time and money in commercial scale recirculating production systems. However, there are relatively few reports of profitable recirculating production systems in operation. There is little doubt that most fish reared in ponds, floating net pens, or raceways can be produced in commercial scale recirculating systems. The objective of this book is to provide basic information and analytical skills for the reader so that they may make the proper design or investment decisions concerning water reuse and recycle systems.The chapters of this book are sequenced to provide continuity to a basic approach that would be used in designing a water reuse or recycle system. The chapter authors contributing to this book have written extensively in the literature already on the particular subject being addressed in their chapter. Considerable background information on the basic processes being presented is also given in each chapter to supplement the basic design information being provided. These chapters should provide the reader with essentially all the information required in order to design and manage a water reuse system. The book is written for engineers and biologists working in the area of intensive fish culture. The text should also prove useful as a design manual for practising aquaculturists and as a resource of current "state-of-the-art" methodologies associated with water reuse systems.
Contents
Part 1 An introduction to water reuse systems, M.B. Timmons and T.M. Losordo: introduction; terminology and definitions; current status; references. Part 2 System carrying capacity and flow estimation, T.M. Losordo and H. Westers: introduction; the mass balance approach; estimating flow rates; estimating flows for dissolved oxygen maintenance; estimating flows for ammonia-nitrogen control; estimating flow rates for nitrate-nitrogen control; estimating flow requirements for dissolved oxygen maintenance in a submerged biological filter; estimating system carrying capacity; design examples; discussion - a biologist's approach to system carrying capacity; rearing unit design and operation; notation; references. Part 3 Suspended solids control in recirculating aquaculture systems, R.F. Malone et al: introduction; solids generation; physical characteristics; removal objectives; removal mechanisms; process description; applications; references. Part 4 Nitrification filter principles, F.W. Wheaton et al: introduction; kinetics; nitrification filter configurations; factors affecting performance; physical factors; biological parameters; discussion; summary; references. Part 5 Design of biological filters, F.W. Wheaton et al: nitrification filter design methods; design procedure; submerged filter; expandable granular biofilters; trickling filters; rotating biological contactor; references cited. Part 6 Aeration and oxygenation, B.J. Watten: introduction; dissolved gas criteria; gas transfer theory; pure oxygen contact systems; air contact systems; sources of air; monitoring and control; design procedure; nomenclature; references. Part 7 Carbon dioxide control, G.R. Grace and R. Piedrahita: introduction; importance; carbonate equilibrium and carbon dioxide control by pH management; carbon dioxide control by gas exchange; gas exchange; carbon dioxide transfer coefficient; example 1; example 2; example 3 - gas flow characterization; example 4 - carbonate equilibrium reaction kinetics; dehydroxylation of bicarbonate to carbon dioxide; combined gas exchange and reaction kinetics; example 5 - practical application; acknowledgements; references. Part 8 Control of pH in closed cycle aquaculture systems. Part 9 Use of foam fractionators in aquaculture. Part 10 Operating and management water reuse systems. Part 11 Monitoring and control.
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