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In recent decades, viticulture has undergone a tremendous growth worldwide. Vineyard pest management is a dynamic and evolving field, and the contributed chapters in Arthropod Management in Vineyards: Pests, Approaches, and Future Directions provide insights on the management of insects and mites that limit this important crop and its products. It provides a state-of-the-science overview of insects and mites affecting grape production around the world. Written by international experts from the major grape-growing regions, it provides a global overview of insects/mites affecting vines and the novel strategies being used and in development to prevent economic losses, including invasive pests affecting viticulture. Arthropod Management in Vineyards: Pests, Approaches, and Future Directions contains reviews of the theoretical basis of integrated pest management, several chapters on biological control, mode of action of pesticides along with the current status of chemical control, as well as in-depth and well-illustrated reviews of the major insect/mite pests affecting grape production and how they are being managed in different grape growing regions in five continents. This text will serve as a primary resource for applied entomologists, students, growers, and consultants with interests in the intersection of viticulture and applied entomology.
Foreword
Preface
1. Principles of Arthropod Pest Management in Vineyards
Charles Vincent, Rufus Isaacs, Noubar J. Bostanian and Jacques Lasnier
1.1 Introduction
1.2 The vine
1.3 Arthropod biodiversity in vineyards
1.4 Arthropod pests
1.5 New arthropod issues
1.6 The foundation of IPM: sampling, thresholds, and modeling
1.7 Alternatives to chemical control
1.8 Semiochemicals
1.9 Chemical control
1.10 Regulations
1.11 IPM in organic viticulture
1.12 IPM program delivery
1.13 Challenges
1.14 Conclusion
2. Pest Thresholds: their Development and Use in Vineyards for Arthropod Management
Rufus Isaacs, Michael C. Saunders and Noubar J. Bostanian
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Economic thresholds
2.3 Challenges to developing pest thresholds in grapes
2.4 Manipulating pest injury to determine thresholds
2.5 Measuring effects on grapevines
2.6 Examples of pest thresholds developed for use in vineyard management
2.7 Integrated thresholds: the future for grape IPM?
3. Modeling Arthropods to Support IPM in Vineyards
John Michael Hardman
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Phenology models used in vineyard IPM
3.3 Population models used in grape IPM
3.4 Geographic models used in grape IPM
3.5 Conclusion
4. Pesticides for Arthropod Control in Vineyards
Noubar J. Bostanian, John C. Wise and Rufus Isaacs
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Insecticide formulations
4.3 Background neurobiology and transmission of an impulse
4.4 Classification of insecticides according to their mode of action
4.5 Classification of acaricides according to their mode of action
4.6 Insecticide mode of activity-general considerations
4.7 Insecticide movement in vines: enhancing plant protection
4.8 Pesticide delivery and deposition
4.9 Rainfastness
4.10 Effects of pesticides on non-target beneficials other than bees
4.11 Insecticide resistance
4.12 Conclusion
5. Biological Control of Arthropods and its Application in Vineyards
Vaughn M. Walton, Kent M. Daane and Pia Addison
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Predaceous arthropods
5.3 Predaceous insects
5.4 Parasitic insects
5.5 Pathogens and entomopathogenic nematodes
5.6 Pheromones, confusion techniques and sterile male technique
5.7 Conclusion
6. Chemical Ecology Providing Novel Strategies against Vineyard Pests in Australia
M. Simpson, V. J. Connick, Y. Guisard, O. L. Reynolds (née Kvedaras), A. Saliba and G. M. Gurr
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The conservation biological control context
6.3 Vineyard pests occurring in Australia and their natural enemies
6.4 Plant interactions with the environment and their chemical defence mechanisms
6.5 Induced plant defences
6.6 The Role of Silicon in plant defence against pests
6.7 Novel vineyard pest management strategies in Australia
6.8 Conclusion
7. Enhancing Ecosystem Services in Australasian Vineyards for Sustainability and Profit
Jean-Marie Tompkins, Steve D. Wratten and Marja Simpson
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Ecosystem services in vineyards
7.3 Evaluating the potential economic gain of enhancing ES within vineyards
7.4 Conclusion
8. Habitat Diversity at the Field and Landscape Level: Conservation Biological Control Research in California Viticulture
Albie Miles, Houston Wilson, Miguel Altieri and Clara Nicholls
8.1 Introduction: the need for ecologically based viticulture in California
8.2 Key hypotheses informing research in vineyard diversification in California: natural enemies and resource concentration
8.3 Vineyard diversification studies in California: field-level research
8.4 Landscape ecology and conservation biological control in California vineyards
8.5 Current diversification research at UC Berkeley: field-scale Analysis
8.6 Current diversification research at UC Berkeley: landscape Analysis
8.7 Conclusion: field and Landscape-level diversification for conservation biological control
8.8 Proposals and considerations for future research: conservation biological control in California vineyards
9. Management of Phytophagous Mites in European Vineyards
Carlo Duso, Alberto Pozzebon, Serge Kreiter, Marie-Stéphane Tixier and Marco Candolfi
9.1 Problems with mites in vineyards
9.2 Biology, ecology and economic importance of spider mites
9.3 Biology, behavior and economic importance of eriophyoid mites
9.4 Another mite injurious to grapes
9.5 Biological control
9.6 Predatory mite augmentation: should we prefer to release resistant strains?
9.7 Natural vegetation and phytoseiid mite management in neighboring vineyards
9.8 Chemical control
9.9 Side-effects of pesticides on mite communities
10. A Holistic Approach to Future Management of Grapevine Phylloxera
Kevin S. Powell
10.1 Taxonomy and distribution
10.2 Life cycle
10.3 Genetic diversity
10.4 Seasonal abundance and population dynamics
10.5 Feeding physiology and anatomy
10.6 Environmental conditions and climate change
10.7 Fungal interactions
10.8 Management options
10.9 Future phylloxera management
11. Leafhoppers and Planthoppers: Their Bionomics, Pathogen Transmission and Management in Vineyards
Chrystel Olivier, Charles Vincent, Julien Saguez, Brian Galka, Phyllis G. Weintraub and Michael Maixner
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Bionomics
11.3 Damage to grapevines
11.4 Leafhopper management
11.5 Future management methods
11.6 Conclusion
12. Biology and Management of Mealybugs in Vineyards
Kent M. Daane, Rodrigo P. P. Almeida, Vaughn A. Bell, James T. S. Walker, Marcos Botton, Majid Fallahzadeh, M. Mani, Jose Luis Miano, René Sforza, Vaughn M. Walton and Tania Zaveizo
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Mealybug biology and development
12.3 Conclusion
13. Leaf-Eating Lepidoptera in North American Vineyards
Walter J. Bentley and Richard L. Coviello
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Grape Leaffolder
13.3 Western grapeleaf skeletonizer
13.4 Omnivorous leafroller
13.5 Achemon and whitelined sphinx Moths
13.6 Conclusion
14. Grape Berry Moths in Western European Vineyards and their Recent Movement into the New World
Claudio Ioriatti, Andrea Lucchi and Lucia G. Varela
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Lobesia botrana and Eupoecilia ambiguella
14.3 Cryptoblabes gnidiella
14.4 Ephestia parasitella unicolorella
14.5 Argyrotaenia ljungiana
14.6 Conclusion
15. Biology and Management of Grape Berry Moth in North American Vineyard Ecosystems
Rufus Isaacs, Luís A. F. Teixeira, Paul E. Jenkins, Natalia Botero-Garcés, Greg M. Loeb and Michael C. Saunders
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Biology
15.3 Management
15.4 Conclusion
16. Grape Root Borer
J. Christopher Bergh
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Grape root borer biology and pest status
16.3 Management options for grape root borer
16.4 Research on alternative management options for grape root borer
16.5 Knowledge gaps and suggestions for future research
16.6 Conclusion
17. Japanese Beetle and other Coleoptera Feeding on Grapevines in Eastern North America
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Japanese beetle
17.3 Green June beetle
17.4 Rose chafer
17.5 Grape flea beetle
17.6 Grape rootworm
17.7 Conclusion
18. Ecological Management of Ants in Vineyards of the Cape Floristic Region Biodiversity Hotspot, South Africa
Pia Addison and Michael J. Samways
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Ant diversity in the Cape Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot
18.3 The ant-mealybug mutualism
18.4 Ecological ant management in vineyards
18.5 Improving indigenous ant biodiversity in association with vineyards in the Cape Floristic Region
18.6 Conclusion
19. Threatening the Harvest: the Threat from Three Invasive Insects in Late Season Vineyards
Douglas G. Pfeiffer, Tracy C. Leskey and Hannah J. Burrack
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Brown marmorated stink bug
19.3 Spotted wing Drosophila
19.4 Multicolored Asian lady beetle
19.5 Prospects
20. Vineyard IPM in a Changing World: Adapting to New Pests, Tactics, and Challenges
Rufus Isaacs, Charles Vincent and Noubar J. Bostanian
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Integrated pest management for vineyards
20.3 Current situation
20.4 What next for vineyard IPM?
