Atmospheric Oxidation and Antioxidants, Volume 2

About this book

Oxidation by molecular oxygen is one of the most practically important of all chemical processes. It is the basis of energy production in animals and, at the same time, a major cause of irreversible deterioration and ultimate death. Man uses oxygen positively in the production of energy by combustion, and many important industrial processes in the petrochemical industry are based on the controlled oxidation of hydrocarbons. At the same time, oxidation is the main cause of deterioration of foodstuffs and of many industrial polymers. It is of great practical importance that the mechanisms of oxidation and its prevention should be understood in order to utilize the reactions of oxygen more effectively but, equally important, to control the adverse effects of oxygen on man-made products and in biological systems. The three volumes of this work are directed towards these objectives. Although complementary to one another, the three volumes form a single whole and it is hoped that, by frequent cross-reference, readers will be enabled to utilize ideas and experience from other disciplines to enlighten their own. The second volume examines the oxidation chemistry of carbon-based materials in more detail with emphasis on the technological phenomena that result from the attack of oxygen and the practical procedures developed to prevent them.

Contents

Part 1 Lubricating Oil Oxidation and Stabilization, T. Colclough: Effect of Basestock Composition on Oxidation Stability; The Performance of Lubricants in Engines; Bench Oxidation Tests; Catalysis by Metals and Nitrogen Oxides; Actions and Interactions of Antioxidants. 2. Deterioration of Edible Oils and Foodstuffs, S.P. Kochhar: Food Oils and Fats; Types of Lipid Deterioration; Antioxidants and Mechanisms of Their Action. Part 3. Oxidation and Stabilization of Polymers during Processing, G. Scott: The Significance of the Processing Operation; Mechanodegradation of Polymers; Chemical Plasticisation (Peptization) of Rubbers; The Effect of Temperature during Mechano-oxidation; Processing of Thermoplastic Polymers; Stabilization of Polymers during Processing; Effect of Melt Stabilisers on Subsequent Environmental Ageing. Part 4. The Physical Chemistry of Polymer Oxidation and Stabilisation, N.C. Billingham: Surface Heterogeneity of Polymer Oxidation; Macroscopic Heterogeneity of Oxidation; Molecular Heterogeneity of Oxidation; Solubility of Polymer Additives; Mobility of Polymer Additives; Loss of Additives from Polymers; Physical Effects in Accelerate Ageing. Part 5. Macromolecular and Polymer-Bound Antioxidants, G. Scott: Solubility, Diffusivity and Volatility of Antioxidants; Environmental Impact of Additives in Polymers; Effect of Processing on Antioxidant Effectiveness; Antioxidants Based on Large Molecules; Polymer-Bound Antioxidants. Part 6. Metal Catalyzed Oxidation and its Inhibition, Z. Osawa: General Features of the Role of Metallic Compounds; Examples of the Effects of Metallic Compounds on Degradation; Inhibition of Metal-Catalyzed Degradation. Part 7. Ozone Degradation and Antiozonants, R.P. Lattimer et al: Chemistry of Ozone Attack; Physical Aspects in Ozone Cracking; Desirable Properties of Antiozonants; Hydrocarbon Waxes; Chemical Antiozonants; Mechanism of Action of Chemical Antiozonants; Manufacture and Production; Alternatives to Antiozonants; Testing; Health and Safety Factors; Uses and Formulations. Part 8. Photodegradation and Photostabilization, G. Scott: Weathering of Polymers; Photodegradation and Biodegradation; Photo-oxidation; Photolysis and Photo-oxidation; Stabilization of Polymers Against the Effects of Light. Part 9. Synergism and Antagonism, G. Scott: Factors Affecting Antioxidant Performance; Synergistic Effects of antioxidants and Stabilisers; Antagonism. Part 10. Fire Retardant Polymeric Materials, C. Camino: Evaluation of Polymer Combustion; Fire Retardants; Inorganic Hydroxides; Halogen-Based Fire Retardants; Intumescent Systems. Part 11. Degradation and Stabilization of Polymers Subjected to High Energy Radiation, D.J. Carlsson: Primary Radiation Processes in Polymers; Secondary Reactions in Irradiated Polymers.

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