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Contents
List of Illustrations XI
List of Tables XV
List of Abbreviations XVII
Copyright XIX
Introduction XXI
Acknowledgements XXXI

1 The Pendulum of Paradigms 1
2 Constructing the Jigsaw Puzzle of Palaeo-Climates 11
3 The Near East: A Bridge from the Garden of Eden to the Fields of Toil 39
4 The Great Transition - From Farming Villages to Urban Centers 67
5 The Urban Revolution and the Dawn of History 103
6 Dark Age, Renaissance, and Decay 135
7 Migrations and Settlings 163
8 The Age of Iron and Empires 193
9 Crusaders, Mamluks, and Ottomans on the Eve of the Era of Industry 221
10 An Epilogue 235

Appendix I - Groundwater Use and the Evolution of Groundwater
Appendix II - Isotopic Tools in Palaeo-Hydrological Investigations 253
Appendix III - Pastoral Nomadism 255
Appendix IV - Middle Eastern Languages 263
Appendix V - Egyptian Chronology 273

Index 275