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PREFACE; PART I. BACKGROUND: LIKE BEGETS LIKE; 1. CLONALITY WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL; CLONALITY AT THE GENE LEVEL: DNA REPLICATION; CLONALITY AT THE GENOMIC LEVEL: MITOSIS; CLONALITY IN THE CELLULAR CYTOPLASM: MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; CLONALITY IN THE SEX CHROMOSOMES; CLONALITY ACROSS THE SOMATIC CELLS; 2. SEXUALITY: THE ANTITHESIS OF CLONALITY; SEX AT THE INTER-CHROMOSOMAL LEVEL: MEIOSIS, SYNGAMY, AND MENDELS LAWS; SEX AT THE INTRA-CHROMOSOMAL LEVEL: DNA RECOMBINATION VIA CROSSING OVER; RECOMBINATION VERSUS MUTATION AS SOURCES OF GENETIC VARIATION; THE PARADOX OF SEX; SEX AND DEATH; CELLULAR AUTONOMY AND IMMORTALITY; SYNOPSIS; SUMMARY OF PART I; PART II. UNISEXUAL CLONALITY IN NATURE; 3. REPRODUCTION BY THE CHASTE: PARTHENOGENESIS; THE CAST OF PLAYERS; CELLULAR AND GENETIC MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION AND PHYLOGENY; COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY; 4. RERODUCTION BY THE SEMI-CHASTE: GYNOGENESIS, HYBRIDOGENESIS, AND KLEPTOGENESIS; THE CAST OF PLAYERS; CELLULAR AND GENETIC MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION AND PHYLOGENY; COMPARATIVE ECOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY; SUMMARY OF PART II; PART III. SEXUAL CLONALITY IN NATURE; 5. CLONALITY IN UTERO: POLYEMBRYONY; THE CAST OF PLAYERS; GENETIC AND EMBRYOLOGICAL MECHANISMS; ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION; 6. CLONALITY BY INCEST: HERMAPHRODITIC SELF-FERTILIZATION; THE CAST OF PLAYERS; GENETIC AND REPRODUCTIVE MECHANISMS; EVOLUTION AND ECOLOGY; SUMMARY OF PART III; PART IV. CLONALITY IN THE LABORATORY; 7. HUMAN-SPONSORED CLONALITY; GENE CLONING; WHOLE-INDIVIDUAL CLONING BY QUASI-NATURAL MECHANISMS; WHOLE-INDIVIDUAL CLONING BY MECHANISMS UNKNOWN IN NATURE; SUMMARY OF PART IV; EPILOGUE; GLOSSARY