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Bwindi Impenetrable and Mgahinga Gorilla National Parks are extremely important biodiversity areas due to their populations of the highly endangered mountain gorilla. Gazettement of the parks in 1991 caused high levels of conflict and resistance from the surrounding communities, seriously threatening the ability of the protected area authority to manage the parks. This report summarises the findings of a study into a range of `integrated conservation and development' strategies in Bwindi and Mgahinga, and their effectiveness in reconciling biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development interests. It confirms that linking local people to a resource and helping generate a steady stream of benefits, increases willingness to manage and protect that resource in the long term.