Environmental Electrochemistry: Analyses of Trace Element Biochemistry

About this book

This book examines the usefulness of electrochemical methods for understanding complex natural biogeochemical processes. It describes techniques developed to measure trace metals, redox species, and major ions in fresh- and marine waters, hydrothermal vents, sediments, microbial mats, extraterrestrial systems, and at mineral-water interfaces. It will be of use to scientists and researchers who need to describe biogeochemical cycling of trace elements in natural environments.

Contents

PREFACE; PART 1: INTRODUCTION; 1. Electrochemical Methods for the Environmental Analysis of Trace Element Biogeochemistry; PART 2: IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS IN THE WATER COLUMN; 2. Submersible voltammetric probes for real-time continuous monitoring of trace elements in natural aquatic systems; 3. In situ voltammetry at deep-sea hydrothermal vents; PART 3: ON-LINE MEASUREMENTS IN THE WATER COLUMN; 4. A continuous flow electrochemical cell for analysis of chemical species and ions at high pressure laboratory, shipboard, and hydrothermal vent results; 5. Field application of an automated voltammetric system for high-resolution studies of trace metal distributions in dynamic estuarine and coastal waters; 6. Permeation liquid membrane coupled to voltammetric detection for in situ trace metal speciation studies; PART 4: IN SITU MEASUREMENTS AT THE SEDIMENT-WATER INTERFACE; 7. In-situ measurements in lake sediments using ion-selective electrodes with a profiling lander system; 8. Exchange and microdistribution of solutes at the benthic interface: an in situ study in Aarhus Bight, Denmark; 9. Benthic carbon mineralization in sediments of Gotland Basin, Baltic Sea measured in situ with benthic landers; PART 5: SEDIMENT POREWATERS AND MICROBIAL MATS; 10. Porewater radox species, pH and pCO2 in aquatic sediments: electrochemical sensor studies in Lake Champlain and Sapelo Island; 11. Probing zinc speciation in contaminated sediments by square wave voltammetry at a Hg-Ir microelectrode; 12. Microsensors studies in lake sediments and microbial mats of the oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen cycles; 13. Seasonal variations of soluble Fe(III) in sediment porewaters as revealed by voltammetric microelectrodes; 14. Microelectrodes measurements in modern marine stromatolites: unraveling the Earth's past?; 15. In situ sulfur speciation using Au/Hg microelectrodes as an aid to microbial characterization of an intertidal salt marsh microbial mat; PART 6: NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY; 16. Determination of geochemistry on Mars using an array of electrochemical sensors; 17. Integrating an ultramicroelectrode in an AFM cantilever; PART 7: TRACE METAL COMPLEXION; 18. A review of competitive ligand-exchange/voltammetric methods for speciation of trace metals in freshwater; 19. Voltammetric evidence suggesting Ag Speciation is dominated by sulfide complexation in river water

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