This book reviews taxing choices to protect the local and global environment and to preserve and sustain natural resources. Alternative economic instruments such as carbon taxes and tradable permits to combat global climate change are examined. Strategies and practices to manage and sharing of revenues from natural resources revenues are highlighted. In addition, roles of various orders of government in managing, taxing and sharing natural resources in selected federal countries are documented to highlight the impact of such division of responsibilities in preserving natural resources and the environment.