Greenhouses: Advanced Technology for Protected Horticulture

About this book

A greenhouse provides an essential means of livelihood to its owner and must be economically practical for the particular climate in which it stands. "Greenhouses: Advanced Technology for Protected Horticulture" addresses the major environmental factors of light, temperature, water, nutrition, and carbon dioxide, and features extensive discussions of greenhouse types, construction, and climate control. The book highlights technology such as hydroponics, computer control of environments, and advanced mathematical procedures for environmental optimization."Greenhouses: Advanced Technology for Protected Horticulture" is the definitive text/reference for the science of greenhouse engineering and management. The author Dr. Joe J. Hanan, Professor Emeritus of Colorado State University, is the recipient of the Society of American Florists' (SAF) 2000 (Millenium) Alex Laurie Award for Research and Education. The Alex Laurie Award is presented annually to an individual who has made broad-scope, long-lasting contributions to the floriculture industry through research or education. The award is named for Alex Laurie, a professor at The Ohio State University, who pioneered work in many areas of floriculture. 'Joe is one of the most precise floricultural researchers I have known', said Dr. Gus De Hertogh, Chairman of SAF's Research Committee. 'That excellence is reflected in his latest book, "Greenhouses, Advanced Technology for Protected Horticulture", which was published in 1998, nine years after his official 'retirement.'

Contents

Introduction Definition Some General Characterizations: Relationship to the Particular Country. Energy, Capital, and Labor Requirements. Return to the Grower. Size. Extent. Special Peculiarity of Greenhouses. Questions to Answer in Starting a Greenhouse About the Future Structures: Locations, Styles, and Structures Climatic Considerations and Location Site Selection Arrangement: Service Facilities. Orientation Superstructures: Design and Standards. Structures, Materials, and Methods. Coverings: Plastics. Glass. Special Variations. Peril to the Structure: Wind. Hail. Fire. Snow. Miscellaneous Perils. Interior Arrangements: Longitudinal Arrangements. Penninsular and Other Types. Movable Arrangements. Costs Radiation Radiation Basics: The Electromagnetic Spectrum. Quanta. Terminology. Conversions. Measuring Radiation. Solar Radiation Radiation and the Greenhouse: Coverings and Energy Transfer. Structure and Total Transmissivity. Modifications to Increase or Modify Irradiance. The Plant and Radiation: Radiation Interception by the Canopy. Photosynthesis and Radiation. Photomorphogenesis. Temperature The Plant and Thermomorphogenesis: Plant Temperature. The Effects of Temperature. Temperature and Its Measurement Temperature Manipulation in the Greenhouse: Heat Losses and Requirements of the Structure. Heating Systems and Energy Sources. Ventilation and Cooling. Temperature Variations Inside Greenhouses. Water Water and Plant Response: Basics and Units of Water Potential. Effects of Stress on Growth. Water Supply: The Root System. Factors Limiting Root Activity. Field Soils. Water Movement into Soils and Irrigation Frequency. Measuring Soil Moisture Content. Water Relationships. Hydroponics. Irrigation Systems. Automatic Control of Irrigation. Water Demand: Transpiration Units and Quantities. Transpiration. Humidity. Calculation of Transpiration Rate. Summary. Nutrition Units and Terminology: Concentration. Activity. Equivalency. Acidity. Oxidation-Reduction. Adsorption-Desorption in Soils. Mass Exchange Equlibria. Electrical Conductivity. Comments on Logarithms. Nutrients in the Plant and Tissue Analysis: Definitions of Nutrient Requirements. Published Nutrient Values in Tissue. Factors Affecting Plant Nutrient Concentrations. Plant Nutrient Uptake and Ionic Interactions. Nutrient Distribution and Tissue Sampling. Diagnosis from Tissue Sampling. Nutrient Supply: The Root Environment. Basic Fertility Relationships. Carbonates and pH Control. Chelation and Micronutrients. Macronutrient Fertilization and Control. Soil Analysis. Salinity and Irrigation Water Quality: Salinity. Irrigation Water Quality and Manipulation. Environmental Contamination from Greenhouses. Carbon Dioxide Units and Measurements for CO2: Units of Concentration. CO2 Measurement. CO2 Physiology: CO2 Fixation. Review of Radiation Measurements. Review of Temperature Relationships. Effects of Leaf Age and Nutrition. Effect of CO2 Concentrations. The Vegetative Canopy and CO2 Uptake. Crop Response to CO2 Enrichment. CO2 Sources and Problems with Pollution: Pure CO2. Combustion. Organic Matter Decomposition. Problems of Pollutants form Combustion Sources. CO2 Distribution and Concentration in Greenhouses CO2 Control: The Climatic Influence. Raising Temperatures. Intermittent CO2 Injection. Dutch Guidelines. Heat from Combustion. Daily Injection Periods. Enrichment at Full Ventilation. Climate Control Background and Development Greenhouse Climate and Control: Control Requirements. Greenhouse Climate. Some Basics of Control. Sensors in the Greenhouse. The Computer: Advantages of Computers and Possibilities. Software, the Guiding Reins. Intercommunication. Optimization and Modeling: Requirements. Examples of Limited Approaches. Models. Complete Models. Appendix A: Symbolism, Physical Constants, Units Appendix B: Miscellaneous Conversions, cgs-English Index Chapters also contain Introduction and Reference sections.

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