Hawaiian Volcanoes Deep Underwater Perspectives

About this book

In the summer of 1963, when a group of Japanese scientists arrived at the aged building of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, run by the U.S. Geological Survey, there began a program of cooperation and friendship between American and Japanese volcanologists that continues to the present. The late Professor Takeshi Minakami, a top volcano-physicist long involved in research at various volcanoes, including Asama, then the most active volcano in Japan, led the Japanese group. The time coincided with a changeover in Hawaii, from the pioneering volcanologic studies of Harold Stearns, Gordon Macdonald, and Jerry Eaton to more comprehensive research by younger volcanologists. The Japanese team was also fortunate enough to witness a rift zone eruption at Kilauea volcano (Alae eruption, July 1963), a direct, eye-opening encounter with a volcano plumbing system in action.

Contents

Preface
      Shigeo Aramaki and Hajimu Kinoshita vii

Section 1 Progress in Deep Underwater Geology Around Hawaii
Introduction to Section 1
      Jiro Naka 1
Deepwater Multibeam Sonar Surveys Along the Southeastern Hawaii Ridge: Guide to the CD-ROM
      John R. Smith, Kenji Satake, and Kiyoshi Suyehiro 3
Submarine Landslides and Volcanic Features on Kohala and Mauna Kea Volcanoes and the Hana Ridge, Hawaii
      John R. Smith, Kenji Satake, Julia K. Morgan, and Peter W. Lipman 11
Deep-Sea Volcaniclastic Sedimentation Around the Southern Flank of Hawaii
      Jiro Naka, Toshiya Kanamatsu, Peter W. Lipman, Thomas W. Sisson, Nohiro Tsuboyama, Julia K. Morgan, John R. Smith, and Tadahide Ui 29
Magnetostratigraphy of Deep-Sea Sediments From Piston Cores Adjacent to the Hawaiian Islands: Implication for Ages of Turbidites Derived From Submarine Landslides
      Toshiya Kanamatsu, Emilio Herrero-Bervera, and Gary M. McMurtry 51
Eruption Style and Flow Emplacement in the Submarine North Arch Volcanic Field, Hawaii
      David A. Clague, Kozo Uto, Kenji Satake, and Alice 5. Davis 65
Emplacement and Inflation Structures of Submarine and Subaerial Pahoehoe Lavas From Hawaii
      Susumu Umino, Sumie Obata, Peter W. Lipman, John R. Smith, Tsugio Shibata, Jiro Naka, and Frank Trusdell 85

Section 2 Climax Stage Magmatism: Growth History of Kilauea Volcano and Its Instability
Introduction to Section 2
      Peter W. Lipman 103
Structural Variability Along the Submarine South Flank of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, From a Multichannel Seismic Reflection Survey
      Denise J. Hills, Julia K. Morgan, Gregory F. Moore, and Stephen C. Leslie 105
Volcanic Morphology of the Submarine Puna Ridge, Kilauea Volcano
      Deborah K. Smith, Laura S. L. Kong, Kevin T M. Johnson, and Jennifer R. Reynolds 125
Petrological Systematics of Submarine Basalt Glasses From the Puna Ridge, Hawaii: Implications for Rift Zone Plumbing and Magmatic Processes
      Kevin T. M. Johnson, Jennifer R. Reynolds, Denys Vonderhaar, Deborah K. Smith, and Laura S. L. Kong 143
Ancestral Submarine Growth of Kilauea Volcano and Instability of Its South Flank
      Peter W. Lipman, Thomas W. Sisson, Tadahide Ui, Jiro Naka, and John R. Smith 161
Submarine Alkalic Through Tholeiitic Shield-Stage Development of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii
      Thomas W. Sisson, Peter W. Lipman, and Jiro Naka 193

Section 3 Giant Landslides in the Northeast of Oahu: When, Why and How?
Introduction to Section 3
      Michael Garcia 221
Mapping of the Nuuanu and Wailau Landslides in Hawaii
      James G. Moore and David A. Clague 223
Landslides on the Windward Flanks of Oahu and Molokai, Hawaii: SHINKAI 6500 Submersible Investigation
      Hisayoshi Yokose 245
Major Element Geochemistry of Glasses in Turbidites as Source Indicators: Implications for the Nuuanu and Wailau Giant Submarine Landslides
      S. B. Sherman, M. O. Garcia, and E. Takahashi  263
Volcanic Breccia and Hyaloclastite in Blocks From the Nuuanu and Wailau Landslides, Hawaii
      David A. Clague, James G. Moore, and Alice S. Davis 279
Geochemical and Petrological Characteristics of Nuuanu and Wailau Landslide Blocks
      Ken Shinozaki, Zhong-Yuan Ren, and Eiichi Takahashi 297
Geochemical Evolution of Koolau Volcano, Hawaii
      Ryoji Tanaka, Eizo Nakamura, and Eiichi Takahashi 311
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Tsunami Model of the Nuuanu and Wailau Giant Landslides, Hawaii
      Kenji Satake, John R. Smith, and Ken Shinozaki 333

Section 4 The Hawaiian Plume and Magma Genesis
Introduction to Section 4
      Eiichi Takahashi 347
Seismic Images of Hot Spots and Mantle Plumes
      Dapeng Zhao, Fumiko Ochi, and Eiichi Takahashi 349
Heat-Flow Variations Over Hawaiian Swell Controlled by Near-Surface Processes, not Plume Properties
      Marcia K McNutt 365
Noble Gas Systematics of the Hawaiian Volcanoes Based on the Analysis of Loihi, Kilauea and Koolau Submarine Rocks
      Ichiro Kaneoka, Takeshi Hanyu, Junji Yamamoto, and Yayoi N. Miura 373
Submarine Picritic Basalts from Koolau Volcano, Hawaii: Implications for Parental Magma Compositions and Mantle Source
      Michael O. Garcia 391
Melting Process in the Hawaiian Plume: An Experimental Study
      Eiichi Takahashi and Katsuji Nakajima 403

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