Shrimp aquaculture is an important and valuable production sector that has been growing rapidly over the past two decades. Success is largely based on the quality of postlarvae, particularly their health condition, thus making hatchery production of quality postlarvae crucial to the sector's sustainability. This document reviews the current status of the Penaeus monodon shrimp hatchery industry in India and provides detailed guidance and protocols for improving hatchery productivity, health management, biosecurity and sustainability of the sector. The information provided is equally useful in all regions where P. monodon aquaculture is practised.