Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics for Marine Biologists

About this book

Research in modern experimental and theoretical population genetics has been strengthened by advances in molecular techniques for the analysis of genetic variability. The evolutionary relationships of organisms may be investigated by comparing DNA sequences. Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics for Marine Biologists covers chapters on population genetics, DNA polymorphism, genetic homeostasis, and biochemical genetics, plus a chapter on phylogenetic tree construction. In addition, each chapter contains training materials with numerical examples.

Contents

Foreword
Introduction

EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY OF LIFE
- Main Stages in Earth Geological Evolution
- Paleontology Dating of Evolution
- Molecular Biological Dating
- Training Course, #1

THE MATERIAL BASIS OF HEREDITY
- Chromosome Structure
- Meiosis and Gamete Formation
- Mendel's or Transmission Genetics. Mono-, Di-, and Trihybrid Crosses and Mendel's Laws
- Eukaryote Gene Structure. Mutations and Modifications
- Training Course, #2

TRANSLATION OF GENETIC INFORMATION. INTRODUCTION TO PROTEOMICS
- Components that are Critical for Protein Synthesis
- The process of Translation: From RNA to Polypeptide
- Heredity, Proteins and Function
- Essential Proteomics
- Training Course, #3

IMMUNOGENETIC ANALYSIS AND EVOLUTIONARY DISTANCES
- Introduction to Immunogenetics
- Inheritance of Immunogenetic Traits and Population Variability
- Immunogenetic Dating of Evolution
- Dating of Evolution by Amino Acid Sequence Analysis
- Training Course, #4

BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS
- Introduction to the Methods of Protein Variability Detection
- Interpreting of Protein Variability
- Genetics of Isozymes
- Evolution of a Genome Regulation
- Training Course, #5

GENES, MUTATIONS AND EVOLUTION
- Introduction to the Study of Mutation
- Structure and Functions of Genes
- Types of Mutations on DNA Level
- Mutations and Amino Acid Substitutions
- Mutation Rate
- Training Course, #6

GENETIC ASPECTS OF SPECIATION
- General Genetic Approach: Advances and Limitations
- What Data are Necessary? What is the Data Base?
- Species Concept. The Review of Literature Data on Heterozygosities and Distances
- Speciation Modes (SM): Population Genetic View
- Training Course, #7

POPULATION GENETIC STRUCTURE OF A SPECIES
- Population Structure in Bisexual Species
- Modes of Population Structure
- Principles of Intraspecific Genetic Structure Study
- A Field Population Genetic Study
- Training Course, #8

ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY WITHIN A SPECIES: THEORY AND EXPERIENCE
- Main Genetic Parameters of Population Variability
- Quantitative Measures of Differentiation
- Models of Population Structure
- Empirical Estimates of Parameters
- Training Course, #9

NATURAL HYBRIDIZATION AND GENETIC INTROGRESSION IN WILD SPECIES
- What are Hybrids and Hybridization?
- Methods of Detecting Hybridization
- Genetic Interpretation of Hybridized Populations
- Empirical Investigations of Hybrid Zones
- Training Course, #10

QUANTITATIVE TRAITS: INHERITANCE AND EVOLUTION
- Quantitative Variation and its Laws
- The Multiple Factor Hypothesis
- Main Tasks of Genetic Research of Quantitative Traits
- Heritability
- Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). QTL Evolution
- Training Course, #11

GENETIC HOMEOSTASIS, HETEROSIS AND HETEROZYGOSITY
- Concept of Genetic Homeostasis
- Heterosis and Heterozygosity
- Empirical Results and Interpretation
- Training Course, #12

DNA PLYMORPHISM WITHIN AND AMONG POPULATIONS
- DNA Sequence Polymorphism. Nucleotide Diversity
- DNA Polymorphism Estimated from Restriction Site Data
- DNA Length Polymorphism. Theory and Observations
- Divergence of Populations at the DNA Level
- Training Course, #13

PHYLOGENETIC TREES
- Types of Phylogenetic Trees
- Distance Matrix Methods for Tree Building
- Parsimony and Probability Methods for Tree Inference
- Population Genetic Theory and Tree Construction
- Training Course, #14

PRACTICAL TRAINING WITH NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES: EDITION, SUBMISSION, ALIGNMENT, TREE BUILDING AND ANALYSIS OF PHYLOGENY
- Editing Sequences and their Submission to a Gene Bank
- Data Formats and Gene Banks Available
- Alignment of Sequences
- Searching for an Optimal Nucleotide Substitution Model
- Tree Building Using MEGA-5 Program Package and Annotation on Programs PAUP, MrBayes and Some Others
- Training Course, #15

GENOMIC EVOLUTION
- Origin and Change of Genomes
- Evolutionary Change of Genome Size
- Formation of New Genes
- Repetitive DNA and Multigene Families
- Training Course, #16

Subject Index

Appendix I. Methodical Instruction For Self-Education
Appendix II. Exam Questions for the Course
Appendix III. Main Literature & Web-Support
Appendix IV. Explanation of Basic Terms
Appendix V. Complete List of References

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