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Plant Developmental Biology - Biotechnological Perspectives, Volume 2 focuses on development-related areas, including tissue culture (somatic embryogenesis, microspore embryogenesis, somaclonal variation), plant processes (photosynthesis, seed maturation and seed proteins, fatty acids, vitamins, alkaloids, flower pigments and scent), signalling (amino compound-containing lipids, auxins, cytokinins and light), and molecular genetics of developmental regulation (RNA silencing, DNA methylation, epigenetics, activation tagging, homologous recombination and synthetic promoter engineering).
Part I Cell Differentiation and Development In Vitro
1 Developmental Biology of Somatic Embryogenesis - R.J. ROSE, F.R. MANTIRI, S. KURDYUKOV, S.-K. CHEN, X.-D. WANG, K.E. NOLAN, and M.B. SHEAHAN
- Introduction
- Basic Requirements for In Vitro Somatic Embryogenesis
- Explant and Stem Cell Biology
- Earliest Event in Embryogenesis -- Asymmetric Cell Division
- Stress Component in the Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis
- Hormones and the Initiation of Somatic Embryogenesis
- Induction of SE by Over-Expression of Leafy Cotyledon Transcription Factors and their Relationship to SE induction and Repression -- the GA Connection
- ABA, Stress and GA Soluble Signals and Cell-Cell Interactions that Promote SE in Suspension Cultures
- Development Program after SE induction
- Concluding Remarks and a Model Based on Studies in Medicago truncatula
- SE and Biotechnology
- References
2 Microspore Embryogenesis - A. OLMEDILLA
- Introduction
- Discovery of the Production of Haploids by Anther Culture
- Strategies for the Induction of Microspore Embryogenesis
- Influence of Different Factors in Microspore Embryogenesis
- Cellular and Molecular Events Associated with Microspore Embryogenesis
- Conclusions
- References
3 Stress and Somaclonal Variation - A.M. VAZQUEZ and R. LINACERO
- Introduction
- Stress Responses in Plants Tissue Culture Imposes a Stress to the Cultivated In Vitro Cells
- Cultured Cells and Regenerated Plants Showed Variations
- Concluding Remarks
- References
Part II Plant Processes and Its Regulation
4 Photosynthate Partitioning - N.G. HALFORD
- Introduction
- Source and Sink Sugars as Signalling Molecules
- Key Metabolic Regulators
- Applications in Biotechnology
- Concluding Remarks
- References
5 Molecular Physiology of Seed Maturation and Seed Storage Protein Biosynthesis - H. WEBER, N. SREENIVASULU, and W. WESCHKE
- Introduction
- Seed Maturation
- Sucrose as a Maturation Signal
- Synthesis and Deposition of Storage Proteins in Crop Seeds
- Storage Proteins in Cereals
- Metabolic Control of Seed Storage
- Protein Synthesis
- Outlook
- References
6 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Plants - R. RAJASEKHARAN and V. NACHIAPPAN
- Introduction
- Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
- Fatty Acid Elongation
- Fatty Acid Desaturation
- Unusual Fatty Acids
- Assembly of Fatty Acids
- Conclusions
- References
7 Biosynthesis and Regulation of Carotenoids in Plants - Micronutrients, Vitamins and Health Benefits - C. I. CAZZONELLI, N. NISAR, D. HUSSAIN, M. CARMODY, and B.J. POGSON
- Introduction: Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Higher Plants
- Carotenoids and Plant Development
- Health Benefits of Carotenoid-Derived Vitamins and Nutrients
- Conclusions and Future Prospects
- References
8 Biosynthesis and Regulation of Alkaloids - G. GUIRIMAND, V. COURDAVAULT, B. ST-PIERRE, and V. BURLAT
- Introduction
- Chemical Diversity and Biosynthesis
- Spatial Oganisation
- Organisation of Alkaloid Biosynthesis
- Crystallisation and 3D Structure
- Modelisation of Alkaloid Biosynthetic Enzymes
- Transcription Factor Regulatory Networks of Alkaloid Biosynthesis
- Metabolic Engineering of Alkaloid Biosynthesis
- Conclusions
- References
9 Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Flower Pigments - K.M. DAVIES and K.E. SCHWINN
- Introduction
- Pigment Biosynthetic Pathways and Their Genetic Modification
- Regulation of Floral Pigmentation
- Concluding Comments
- References
10 Biosynthesis and Regulation of Flower Scent - B. PIECHULLA and U. EFFMERT
- Introduction
- Functions of Floral Scents
- Patterns of Floral Emission
- Biosynthetic Pathways and Key Enzymes
- Regulation of Floral Volatile Biosynthesis
- Biotechnological Aspects
- Conclusions
- References
Part III Hormonal and Environmental Signalling
11 Amino Compound-Containing Lipids: A Novel Class of Signals Regulating Plant Development - R. ORTIZ-CASTRO, A. MAENDEZ-BRAVO, and J. LAPEZ-BUCIO
- Introduction
- Biosynthesis and Metabolism of Acylamides in Plants
- Distribution of Acylamides
- Role of NAEs and Alkamides in Plant Development
- Signals Interacting With NAEs and Alkamides
- Cellular Alterations Underlying Plant Responses to NAEs and Alkamides: Cell Cycle Progression and Microtubule Stability
- AHLs: Inter-Kingdom Signals for Plant-Bacterial Interactions
- Concluding Remarks
- References
12 The Roles of YUCCA Genes in Local Auxin Biosynthesis and Plant Development - Y. ZHAO
- Introduction
- Identification of YUCCA Flavin Monooxygenases as Key Enzymes in Auxin Biosynthesis
- YUC Genes Have Dynamic Expression Patterns
- YUC Genes are Conserved in the Plant Kingdom
- Dissection of Auxin Action Mechanisms on the Basis of Auxin Biosynthesis
- Conclusions
- References
13 Role of Cytokinin in the Regulation of Plant Development - T. KIBA and H. SAKAKIBARA
- Introduction
- Cytokinin Biosynthesis and Metabolism
- Cytokinin Signaling
- Molecular Mechanisms of Cytokinin Action in Plant Development
- Perspectives
- References
14 Light Signalling in Plant Developmental Regulation - A. GALSTYAN and J. F. MARTINEZ-GARCIA
- Introduction
- Plant Photomorphogenesis: Various Responses to a Complex Stimulus
- Sensing Changes in Light Conditions: Multiple Photoreceptors Continuously Monitor the Light Environment
- Physiological Responses during Photomorphogenesis: Roles of Photoreceptors in Plant Development
- Photoreceptor Signal Transduction
- Light Interaction with Endogenous Networks
- Applied Aspects of Photomorphogenic Research
- Is There a General Strategy to Modulate Photomorphogenic Traits for Crop Improvement?
- References
Part IV Molecular Genetics of Developmental Regulation
15 RNA Silencing in Plants - A. EAMENS, S.J. CURTIN, and P.M. WATERHOUSE
- Introduction
- History of RNA Silencing in Plants
- The Parallel Gene Silencing Pathways of Plants
- RNA Silencing as an Anti-Viral Defence Mechanism
- Current Applications of RNA Silencing
- Strategies to Alter Plant Development
- Concluding Remarks
- References
16 DNA Methylation: A Dynamic Regulator of Genome Organisation and Gene Expression in Plants - E.J. FINNEGAN
- Introduction
- Mapping DNA Methylation
- Methylation Patterns are the Balance between Methyltransferase and Demethylase Activities
- Targeting DNA Methylation Interplay Between DNA Methylation and Chromatin Modifications
- Genome stability is mediated by CpG methylation
- DNA Methylation Regulates Genes During Development and in Response to External Stimuli
- Conclusions
- References
17 Molecular Mechanisms in Epigenetic Regulation of Plant Growth and Development - A. BERR and W.H. SHEN
- Introduction
- Vernalization and Flowering Time
- Parental Imprinting and Seed Development
- Chromatin in Stem Cell Maintenance
- Chromatin in Plant Stress Responses
- Perspectives
- References
18 Activation Tagging for Gain-of-Function Mutants - N. MARSCH-MARTINEZ and A. PEREIRA
- Introduction
- Genes That Modulate Development Discovered by Activation
- Tagging Transcription Factors Regulating Secondary Metabolic Pathways Activation
- Tagging Genes That Confer Resistance to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
- Additional Considerations
- Conclusions
- References
19 Regulatory Mechanisms of Homologous Recombination in Higher Plants - K. OSAKABE, K. ABE, M. ENDO, and S. TOKI
- Introduction
- Molecular Mechanism of HR Meiotic Recombination in Plants
- Signal Transduction from DSB to HR Repair
- Conclusions
- References
20 Synthetic Promoter Engineering - M. Venter and F. C. BOTHA
- Introduction
- Promoters: Biotechnology Tools
- Combining Molecular 'Switch'- and 'Sensor'-Capabilities
- Synthetic Promoters: Refinement of Cis-Regulatory Architecture Leads to Targeted Inducibility and High-Level Expression of Single or Multiple Transgenes
- The Way Forward: Systematic Engineering and Integration Leads to Accurate Design
- References
