About this book
Subduction of oceanic lithosphere into the deep mantle is of major importance for the evolution of the Earth. The motion of lithospheric plates at the Earth's surface is a consequence of the buoyancy forces that drive subduction and a large proportion of the world's earthquakes and volcanoes are related to subduction. The deepest known earthquakes (660-700 km deep) occur in subducted lithosphere but their cause, which has long fascinated geophysicists, is still enigmatic. An understanding of these topics, involving a wide range of physical and chemical processes, requires a multidisciplinary approach. This volume includes contributions from the fields of geodynamics, seismology, mineral physics, rock mechanics, petrology and geochemistry that present a state- of-the-art overview of modern interdisciplinary research on deep subduction. Topics include subduction dynamics (geometry, thermal structure, buoyancy forces and rheology), the nature and cause of deep earthquakes, the origin of subduction-related volcanism (stabilities of hydrous minerals, partial melting and observations from seismic tomography), and the relationship between continental collision, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and subduction. Several contributions deal with the cause of deep earthquakes and begin building a new consensus on this issue.
Contents
Processes and consequences of deep subduction - introduction, D.C. Rubie, R.D. van der Hilst; Subduction zones - observations and geodynamic models, S.D. King; Geodynamic models of deep subduction, U. Christensen; Seismic discontinuities and subduction zones, J.D. Collier, G.R. Helffrich, B.J. Wood; Implications of slab mineralogy for subduction dynamics, C.R. Bina, S. Stein, F.C. Marton, E.M. Van Ark; Subduction zone rheology, D.J. Weidner, J. Chen, Y. Xu, Y. Wu, M.T. Vaughan, L. Li; Rheological structure and deformation of subducted slabs in the mantle transition zone - implications for mantle circulation and deep earthquakes, S.-i. Karato, M.R. Riedel, D.A. Yuen; "Detached" deep earthquakes - are they really?, E.A. Okal; Seismological constraints on the mechanism of deep earthquakes - temperature dependence of deep earthquake source properties, D.A. Wiens; Experimental constraints on the depth of olivine metastability in subducting lithosphere, J.L. Mosenfelder, F.C. Marton, C.R. Ross II, L. Kerschhofer, D.C. Rubie; Stabilities and equations of state of dense hydrous magnesium silicates, R.J. Angel, D.J. Frost, N.L. Ross, R. Hemley; Seismological structure of subduction zones and its implications for arc magmatism and dynamics, D. Zhao; Partial melting in the mantle wedge - the role of H20 in the genesis of mantle-derived "arc-related" magmas, P. Ulmer; Boron isotope geochemistry of metasedimentary rocks and tourmalines in a subduction zone metamorphic suite, T. Nakano, E. Nakamura; Subduction, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, and regurgitation of buoyant crustal slices - implications for arcs and continental growth, W.G. Ernst; Subduction followed by collision - Alpine and Himalayan examples, P.J. O'Brien.
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