Ionospheric Space Weather is the outcome of an American Geophysical Union Chapman Conference on longitude and hemispheric dependence of ionospheric space weather, including the impact of waves propagating from the lower atmosphere. The Chapman Conference was held in Africa as a means of focusing attention on an extensive geographic region where observations are critically needed to address some of the fundamental questions of the physical processes driving the ionosphere locally and globally. The compilation of papers from the conference describes the physics of this system and the mechanisms that control ionospheric space weather in a combination of tutorial-like and focused articles that will be of value to the upper atmosphere scientific community in general and to ongoing global magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere (MIT) modeling efforts in particular. A number of articles from each science theme describe details of the physics behind each phenomenon that help to solve the complexity of the MIT system. Because Ionospheric Space Weather is an outcome of the research presented at this first space science Chapman Conference held in Africa, it has further provided an opportunity for African scientists to communicate their research results with the international community. In addition, the meeting and this conference volume will greatly enhance the space science education and research interest in the African continent and around the world.
Ionospheric Space Weather includes articles from six science themes that were discussed at the Chapman Conference in 2012. These include:
- Hemispherical dependence of magnetospheric energy injection and the thermosphere-ionosphere response
- Longitude and hemispheric dependence of storm-enhanced densities (SED)
- Response of the thermosphere and ionosphere to variability in solar radiation
- Longitude spatial structure in total electron content and electrodynamics
- Temporal response to lower-atmosphere disturbances
- Ionospheric irregularities and scintillation
Ionospheric Space Weather: Longitude Dependence and Lower Atmosphere Forcing will be useful to both active researchers and advanced graduate students in the field of physics, geophysics, and engineering, especially those who are keen to acquire a global understanding of ionospheric phenomena, including observational information from all longitude sectors across the globe.
List of Contributors
Preface
PART I. HEMISPHERICAL DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETOSPHERIC ENERGY INJECTION AND THE THERMOSPHERE-IONOSPHERE RESPONSE
Chapter 1. Inter-Hemispheric Asymmetries in Magnetospheric Energy Input
Eftyhia Zesta, Athanasios Boudouridis, James M. Weygand, Endawoke Yizengaw, Mark B. Moldwin, and Peter Chi
Chapter 2. Simultaneity and Asymmetry in the Occurrence of Counter Equatorial Electrojet along African Longitudes
A. Babatunde Rabiu, Olanike O. Folarin, Teiji Uozumi, and Akimasa Yoshikawa
Chapter 3. Stormtime Equatorial Electrojet Ground Induced Currents: Increasing Power Grid Space Weather Impacts at Equatorial Latitudes
Mark B. Moldwin and Justin S. Tsu
Chapter 4. Differences in Midlatitude Ionospheric Response to Magnetic Disturbances at Northern and Southern Hemispheres and Anomalous Response during the Last Extreme Solar Minimum
Dalia Burešová and Jan Laštovièka
PART II. LONGITUDE DEPENDENCE OF STORM-ENHANCED DENSITIES (SEDS)
Chapter 5. Longitude and Hemispheric Dependencies in Storm-Enhanced Density
Roderick A. Heelis
Chapter 6. Solar Cycle 24 Observations of Storm Enhanced Density and the Tongue of Ionization
Anthea J. Coster, Philip J. Erickson, John C. Foster, Evan Thomas, J. Michael Ruohoniemi, and Joseph Baker
Chapter 7. A Global Ionospheric Range Error Correction Model for Single Frequency GNSS Users
Norbert Jakowski and Mohammed M. Hoque
III. LONGITUDE SPATIAL STRUCTURE IN TOTAL ELECTRON CONTENT AND ELECTRODYNAMICS
Chapter 8. Determining the Longitude Dependence of Vertical E×B Drift Velocities Associated with the 4-cell, Non-migrating Tidal Structure
David Anderson and Tzu-Wei Fang
Chapter 9.Imaging the Global Vertical Density Structure from the Ground and Space
Endawoke Yizengaw and Brett A. Carter
Chapter 10. On the longitudinal dependence of the equatorial electrojet
Vafi Doumbia and Oswald Didier Franck Grodji
Chapter 11. Tomographic Reconstruction of Ionospheric Electron Density Using Altitude-Dependent Regularization Strength over Eastern Africa Longitude Sector
Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu, Gebreab Kidanu Zewdie, and Gebregiorgis Abraha
Chapter 12. Variation of the Total Electron Content with Solar Activity during the Ascending Phase of Solar Cycle 24 Observed at Makerere University, Kampala
Florence M. D’ujanga, Phillip Opio, and Francis Twinomugisha
Chapter 13. Longitudinal Dependence of Day-To-Day Variability of Critical Frequency of Equatorial Type Sporadic E (foEsq)
Emmanuel O. Somoye, Andrew O. Akala, AghoghoOgwala, Rasaq A. Adeniji-Adele, Enerst E. Iheonu, and Eugene O. Onori
IV. TEMPORAL RESPONSE TO LOWER ATMOSPHERE DISTURBANCES
Chapter 14. Impact of Migrating Tides on Electrodynamics during the January 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming
Tim Fuller-Rowell, Tzu-Wei Fang, Houjun Wang, Vivien Matthias, Peter Hoffmann, Klemens Hocke, and Simone Studer
Chapter 15. Simultaneous Measurements and Monthly Climatologies of Thermospheric Winds and Temperatures in the Peruvian and Brazilian Longitudinal Sectors
John W. Meriwether, Jonathan J. Makela, and Daniel J. Fisher
Chapter 16. Observations of TIDs over South and Central America
Cesar E. Valladares, Robert Sheehan, and Edgardo E. Pacheco
Chapter 17. Modeling the East-African Ionosphere
Melessew Nigussie, Baylie Damtie, Endawoke Yizengaw, and Sandro M. Radicella
V. RESPONSE OF THE THERMOSPHERE AND IONOSPHERE TO VARIABILITY IN SOLAR RADIATION
Chapter 18. Ionospheric Response to X-ray and EUV Flux Changes During Solar Flares: A Review
Ludger Scherliess
Chapter 19. Spectrally-Resolved X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Irradiance Variations During Solar Flares
Thomas N. Woods, Francis G. Eparvier, and James P. Mason
VI. IONOSPHERIC IRREGULARITIES AND SCINTILLATION
Chapter 20. Effect of Magnetic Declination on Equatorial Spread F Bubble Development
Joseph D. Huba
Chapter 21. Global Ionospheric Electron Density Disturbances During the Initial Phase of a Geomagnetic Storm on April 5, 2010
Chigomezyo M. Ngwiraand Anthea J. Coster
Index