Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Food

About this book

Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Food is the first study of the screening methods and tools utilized for determining the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food products. Leading experts in science, medicine, and government agencies examine the significant research and clinical developments in bio-engineered agriculture to bring an accurate risk assessment of GMOs in relation to human consumption, economics, and the environment. This book focuses on three high-profile biotechnological commercial aspects of GMO inclusion in the world market: insect resistance, herbicide tolerance, and virus resistance.

Contents

About the Editor Contributors Preface Chapter 1. Risk and Benefits of Agricultural Biotechnology The Development of Biotechnology Beginning of the Controversy About Biotechnology Risk and Benefit Analysis The Present Scope of Agricultural Biotechnology Products Regulations on Growing Biotechnology Crops Grower Adoption of Biotechnology Crops Economics of Using Current Biotechnology Crops The Concept of Substantial Equivalence and Its Impact on Product Liability and International Trade Food Safety Issues of Biotechnology Products Framework for Evaluating Environmental Effects of Current Biotechnology Crops Gene Flow in Transgenic Crops Gene Containment Strategies for Biotechnology Crops Economic Consequences of Gene Flow from Biotechnology Crops Effects of Biotechnology Crops on Nontarget Organisms Environmental Consequences of Two Novel GM Organisms Pesticide-Use Patterns Resistance Management to Herbicide-Resistant and Insect-Resistant Plants Agricultural Biotechnology in a Changing World Chapter 2. Sampling for the Detection of Biotech Grains: A USDA Perspective Introduction Introduction to Sampling Theory Conclusions Chapter 3. Sampling for GMO Analysis: The European Perspective Introduction The Concept of Sampling and Currently Adopted Sampling Protocols Limitations of the Currently Adopted Sampling Protocols Sampling for GMO Detection/Quantification: Recommendations Concluding Remarks Chapter 4. Reference Materials and Standards Introduction Matrix-Based GMO CRMs Pure Genomic DNA GMO CRMs Pure Plasmid DNA GMO CRMs Pure Protein GMO CRMs Discussion Chapter 5. Protein-Based Methods: Elucidation of the Principles Introduction Problems Associated with Developing Immunoassays for Food Proteins and Suggested Remedies Western Blotting Immunoassays Conclusions Chapter 6. Protein-Based Methods: Case Studies Introduction Foods: Processed and Finished Grain and Seed Discussion Chapter 7. DNA-Based Methods for Detection and Quantification of GMOs: Principles and Standards Introduction The Polymerase Chain Reaction The Future of GMO Testing Near-Infrared Spectroscopy DNA Microarrays Biosensors Chapter 8. DNA-Based Methods for GMO Detection: Historical Developments and Future Prospects Southern Hybridization/Slot or Dot Blotting Techniques Polymerase Chain Reaction Applications Gene Expression and Microarray Technology DNA-Based Biosensors Conclusions Chapter 9. Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Methods Introduction: The Limitations of Applying Current GMO Screening Methods Introduction to Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Roundup Ready Soybean Detection Case Study Quality Assurance Issues Future Considerations Chapter 10. Other Methods for GMO Detection and Overall Assessment of the Risks Metabolic Profiling Proteomics Gene Fluorescent Proteins As a Marker in Transgenic Plants Concerns About Gene Flow, Liabilities, Regulatory Climates, and Intellectual Property Rights Assessment of Safety Issues Conclusions Index Reference Notes Included

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