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A fundamental review on all 41 species or 47 subspecies of Amphibia encountered in the territory of the former Soviet Union (FSU). Each species or subspecies is supplied with a list of synonyms and a detailed description of the morphology and, partly, karyology as well as of the current geographical range and its limits. Taxonomy of each species occurring in the FSU as well as their subspecific structure and/or geographical variability if any are discussed. Detailed data are presented on their ecology and biology, including habitats, abundance, thermobiology, activity cycles, reproduction, ontogeny, feeding, enemies and parasites, the impact of anthropogenic factors, conservation etc. A historical overview of amphibian research in the FSU territory is given. Trophic spectra for each species are given in tabulary form. New species listings are compiled for every nature reserve and all red data books of all former Soviet republics. Keys are given to eggs (so far as known), the larvae and the adults of all FSU amphibians. A most comprehensive bibliography concerning FSU amphibians is provided (about 900 references). An indispensable treatise for anyone interested in the amphibians inhabiting the huge territory of the Former Soviet Union.