Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles

About this book

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most energetic events in the heliosphere. During solar cycle 23, the close connection between CMEs and solar energetic particles (SEPs) was studied in much greater detail than was previously possible, including effects on space weather.

Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles reviews extensive observations of solar eruptions and SEPs from orbiting and ground-based systems. From SOHO and ACE to RHESSI and TRACE, we now have measurements of unprecedented sensitivity by which to test assumptions and refine models.

Discussion and analysis of:
- Coronal mass ejections and energetic particles over one solar cycle
- Implications of solar eruptions for space weather and human space exploration
- The elemental, isotopic, and ionic charge state composition of accelerated particles
- Complex interconnections among CMEs, flares, shocks, and energetic particles makes this book an indispensable resource for scientists working on the Sun-Earth connection, including space physicists, magnetospheric physicists, atmospheric physicists, astrophysicists, and aeronomists

Contents

Overview
Preface
      Natchimuthukonar Gopalswamy, Richard Mewaldt, and Jarmo Torsti ix
Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles: An Introduction
      N. Gopalswamy, R. Mewaldt, and J. Torsti 1
A Historical Perspective on Coronal Mass Ejections
      R. A. Howard 7
Solar Energetic Particles and Coronal Mass Ejections: A Perspective
      J. R. Jokipii  15

Coronal Mass Ejections
Observational Properties of Coronal Mass Ejections
      S. W. Kahler  21
A Broad Perspective on Automated CME Tracking: Towards Higher Level Space Weather Forecasting
      Eva Robbrecht and David Berghmans  33
Initiation of Coronal Mass Ejections
      Ronald L. Moore and Alphonse C. Sterling  43
Magnetic Helicity and Coronal Mass Ejections
      A. Nindos 59
Bursting the Solar Bubble: The Flare-Coronal Mass Ejection Relationship
      Richard Harrison 73
Models of Solar Eruptions: Recent Advances From Theory and Simulations
      Ilia I. Roussev and Igor V. Sokolov  89

Solar Energetic Particles
Solar Energetic Particles: An Overview
      Tycho von Rosenvinge and Hilary V. Cane  103
The Source Material for Large Solar Energetic Particle Events
      R. A. Mewaldt, C. M. S. Cohen, and G. M. Mason  115
Observations of Energy-Dependent Charge States in Solar Energetic Particles
      M. A. Popecki  127
Modeling the Energy-Dependent Charge States of Solar Energetic Particles
      Leon Kocharov  137
Solar Energetic Particle Composition
      Berndt Klecker  147

Flares and Energetic Particles
Radiative Diagnoses of Energetic Particles
      A. L. MacKinnon 157
Gamma Radiation From Flare-Accelerated Particles Impacting the Sun
      Gerald H. Share and Ronald J. Murphy  177
Particle Acceleration in Solar Flares and Escape Into Interplanetary Space
      Markus J. Aschwanden  189
Solar Energetic Electrons, X-rays, and Radio Bursts
      R. P. Lin  199

CME-Driven Shocks and SEPs in the Heliosphere
Coronal Mass Ejections and Type II Radio Bursts
      Nat Gopalswamy  207
EIT Waves and Coronal Shock Waves
      G. Mann  221
Radio Bursts and Solar Energetic Particle Events
      K.-L. Klein  233
Diffusive Ion Acceleration by CME-Driven Shocks
      Martin A. Lee  245
Acceleration of SEPs: Role of CME-Associated Shocks and Turbulence
      R. Vainio  253
Spectral and Compositional Characteristics of Gradual and Impulsive Solar Energetic Particle Events
   Allan J. Tylka and Martin A. Lee  263
Observations of Energetic Storm Particles: An Overview
      Christina M. S. Cohen  275
Fifty Years of Ground Level Solar Particle Event Observations
      C. Lopate  283
The Propagation of Solar Energetic Particles in the Interplanetary Medium
      Wolfgang Dröge  297
Radial and Latitudinal Variations of the Energetic Particle Response to ICMEs
      David Lario  309
KET Ulysses Observations of SEP in and out of the Ecliptic
      Alexei Struminsky and Bernd Heber  321

Space Weather
Geoeffective Coronal Mass Ejections and Energetic Particles
      Eino Valtonen  335
The Creation of New Ion Radiation Belts Associated With Solar Energetic Particle Events and Interplanetary Shocks
      J. E. Mazur, J. B. Blake, P. L. Slocum, M. K. Hudson, and G. M. Mason  345
Energetic Particles in the Magnetosphere and Their Relationship to Solar Wind Drivers
      I. Roth, M. K. Hudson, B. T. Kress, and K. L. Perry   353
Space Weather Challenges Intrinsic to the Human Exploration of Space
      Ronald E. Turner  367
Space Weather: From Solar Eruptions to Magnetospheric Storms
      Hannu E. J. Koskinen and K. Emilia J. Huttunen  375

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