Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemical Cycles

About this book

Our understanding of biogeochemical cycles is directly related to the research and analyses we bring to them, and to our critical sense of the methods we use. Of primary importance here are the theories behind, and our use of, inverse methods and data assimilation techniques across a multidisciplinary context that includes atmosphere-biosphere and atmosphere-ocean interactions, atmospheric chemistry, physical oceanography, and ocean biogeochemistry. Certainly, researchers in many earth system science disciplines, whether novice or expert, will benefit from the breadth and depth we have brought to the topics discussed in Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemical Cycles. At the same time, we have provided readers with a unique opportunity to enhance their research acumen and their understanding of ways and means. Toward this end, Inverse Methods in Global Biogeochemical Cycles consists of a tutorial section with problem sets for use by readers who wish to test and enhance their knowledge, and a research section that showcases some of the latest scientific results from use of the aforementioned methods in a variety of earth science disciplines.

Contents

Preface
      Prasad S. Kasibhatla vii
Introduction and Overview
      Martin Heimann and Prasad S. Kasibhatla 1

TUTORIAL SECTION: MATHEMATICAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES
Measurement Equation for Trace Chemicals in Fluids and Solution of its Inverse
      Ronald G. Prinn 3
Green's Function Methods of Tracer Inversion
      I. G. Enting 19
Tangent Linear and Adjoint Biogeochemical Models
      Raif Giering 33
Estimation Theory and Atmospheric Data Assimilation
      Ricardo Todling 49
Tracer Assimilation
      Richard Menard 67

TUTORIAL SECTION: EXERCISES
Exercises
      P. J . Rayner, R. . Giering, T. Kaminski, R. Menard, R. Todling, and C. M. Trudinger 81

TUTORIAL SECTION: APPLICATIONS
Applying the Adjoint Method for Biogeochemical Modeling: Export of Particulatve Organic Matter in the World Ocean
      Reiner Schlitzer 107
Environmental Information Extraction From Satellite Remote Sensing Data
      Michel M . Verstraete and Bernard Pinty 125

RESEARCH SECTION
Nonlinear Kalman Filters for Atmospheric Chemistry Models
      Arjo Segers, Arnold Heemink, Martin Vedaan, and Maarten van Loon 139
Inverse Modelling of Sulfur Emissions in Europe Based on Trajectories
      Petra Seibert 147
A Comparison Between Interpolation and Assimilatioans Cartography Methods for the SAGEI I Aerosol Product
      Ghislain Franssens, Dominique Fonteyn, Martine DeMaziere, and Didier Fussen 155
Paleonutrient Data Analysis of the Glacial Atlantic Using an Adjoint Ocean General Circulation Model
      A. M. E. Winguth, D. Archer, E. Maier-Reimer, and U. Mikolajewicz  171
Deep Water Formation Rates Inferred from Global Tracer Distributions: An Inverse Model
      S. Peacock, M. Visbeck, and W. Broecker 185
Comparisons of Simulations of a Marine Ecosystem Model With CZCS Data in the North Indian Ocean
      M. K. Sharada and K. S. Yajnik 197
Nonlinear Inversions of a Model of the Oceanic Dissolved-Particulate  Exchanges
      Voronique Athias, Pierre Mazzega, and Catherine Jeandel 205
On the Assimilation and Inversion of Small Data Sets Under Chaotic Regimes
      Pierre Mazzega 223
Synthesis Inversion of Atmospheric CO₂ Using the NIRE Chemical Transport Model
      Shoichi Taguchi 239
Calculating CO₂ Fluxes by Data Assimilation Coupled to a Three Dimensional Mass-Balance Inversion
      R. J. Dargaville and I. Sirnrnonds 255
A Time-Dependent Assimilation and Source Retrieval Technique for Atmospheric Tracers
      Lori Bruhwiler, Pieter Tans, and Michel Rarnonet 265
An Inversion Method for Determining Time-dependent Surface CO₂ Fluxes
      David F. Baker 279
Differences of CO₂ Flux Estimates Based on a Time-Independent Versus a Time-Dependennt Iversion Method
      Philippe Peylin, Philippe Bousquet, Philippe Ciais, and Patrick Monfray 295
The CO₂ Budget and Rectification Airborne Study: Strategies for Measuring Rectifiers and Regional Fluxes
      Britton B. Stephens, Steven C. Wofsy, Ralph F. Keeling, Peter P. Tans, and Mark J. Potosnak 311

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