Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics

About this book

Since the publication of the first edition in 1969, "Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics" has been widely regarded as the most authoritative and comprehensive book in its field. Out of print for many years, this classic book is now available in its revised 4th edition. Extensively updated throughout, this new edition contains substantially expanded chapters on poroelasticity, wave propagation, and subsurface stresses, as well as entirely new chapters on rock fractures and micromechanical models of rock behaviour. Beginning with a detailed discussion of fundamental concepts, such as stress and strain, this text offers a thorough introduction to the subject before expertly delving into a fundamental, self-contained discussion of specific topics. Unmatched in the breadth of its treatment of rock mechanics, the new edition of this highly praised text is an invaluable resource for all geologists, geophysicists, and geotechnical engineers working in the field today.

Contents

1. Rock as a Material 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Joints and faults 1.3 Rock-forming minerals 1.4 The fabric of rocks 1.5 The mechanical nature of rock 2. Analysis of Stress and Strain 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Definition of traction and stress 2.3 Analysis of stress in two dimensions 2.4 Graphical representations of stress in two dimensions 2.5 Stresses in three dimensions 2.6 Stress transformations in three dimensions 2.7 Mohr's representation of stress in three dimensions 2.8 Stress invariants and stress deviation 2.9 Displacement and strain 2.10 Infinitesimal strain in two dimensions 2.11 Infinitesimal strain in three dimensions 2.12 Determination of principle stresses or strains from measurements 2.13 Compatibility equations 2.14 Stress and strain in polar and cylindrical coordinates 2.15 Finite strain 3. Friction on Rock Surfaces 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Amonton's law 3.3 Friction on rock surfaces 3.4 Stick-slip oscillations 3.5 Sliding on a plane of weakness 3.6 Effects of time and velocity 4. Deformation and Failure of Rock 4.1 Introduction 4.2 The stress-strain curve 4.3 Effects of confining stress and temperature 4.4 Types of fracture 4.5 Coulomb failure criterion 4.6 Mohr's hypothesis 4.7 Effects of pore fluids 4.8 Failure under true-triaxial conditions 4.9 The effect of anisotropy on strength 5. Linear Elasticity 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Stress-strain relations for an isotropic linear elastic solid 5.3 Special cases 5.4 Hooke's law in terms of deviatoric stresses and strains 5.5 Equations of stress equilibrium 5.6 Equations of stress equilibrium in cylindrical and spherical coordinates 5.7 Airy stress functions 5.8 Elastic strain energy and related principles 5.9 Uniqueness theorem for elasticity problems 5.10 Stress-strain relations for anisotropic materials 6. Laboratory Testing of Rocks 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Hydrostatic tests 6.3 Uniaxial compression 6.4 Triaxial tests 6.5 Stability and stiff testing machines 6.6 True-triaxial tests 6.7 Diametral compression of cylinders 6.8 Torsion of circular cylinders 6.9 Bending tests 6.10 Hollow cylinders 7. Poroelasticity and Thermoelasticity 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Hydrostatic poroelasticity 7.3 Undrained compression 7.4 Constitutive equations of poroelasticity 7.5 Equations of stress equilibrium and fluid flow 7.6 One-dimensional consolidation 7.7 Applications of poroelasticity 7.8 Thermoelasticity 8. Stresses around Cavities and Excavations 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Complex variable method for two-dimensional elasticity problems 8.3 Homogeneous state of stress 8.4 Pressurised hollow cylinder 8.5 Circular hole in a rock mass with given far-field principal stresses 8.6 Stresses applied to a circular hole in an infinite rock mass 8.7 Stresses applied to the surface of a solid cylinder 8.8 Inclusions in an infinite region 8.9 Elliptical hole in an infinite rock mass 8.10 Stresses near a crack tip 8.11 Nearly rectangular hole 8.12 Spherical cavities 8.13 Penny-shaped cracks 8.14 Interactions between nearby cavities 9. Inelastic Behavior 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Plasticity and yield 9.3 Elastic-plastic hollow cylinder 9.4 Circular hole in an elastic-brittle-plastic rock mass 9.5 Perfectly plastic behavior 9.6 Flow between flat surfaces 9.7 Flow rules and hardening 9.8 Creep 9.9 Simple rheological models 9.10 Theory of viscoelasticity 9.11 Some simple viscoelastic problems 10. Micromechanical Models 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Effective moduli of heterogeneous rocks 10.3 Effect of pores on compressibility 10.4 Crack closure and elastic nonlinearity 10.5 Effective medium theories 10.6 Sliding crack friction and hysteresis 10.7 Griffith cracks and the Griffith locus 10.8 Griffith theory of failure 10.9 Linear elastic fracture mechanics 11. Wave Propagation in Rocks 11.1 Introduction 11.2 One-dimensional elastic wave propagation 11.3 Harmonic waves and group velocity 11.4 Elastic waves in unbounded media 11.5 Reflection and refraction of waves at an interface 11.6 Surface and interface waves 11.7 Transient waves 11.8 Effects of fluid saturation 11.9 Attenuation 11.10 Inelastic waves 12. Hydromechanical Behavior of Fractures 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Geometry of rock fractures 12.3 Normal stiffness of rock fractures 12.4 Behaviour of rock fractures under shear 12.5 Hydraulic transmissivity of rock fractures 12.6 Coupled hydro-mechanical behavior 12.7 Seismic response of rock fractures 12.8 Fractured rock masses 13. State of Stress Underground 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Simple models for the state of stress in the subsurface 13.3 Measured values of subsurface stresses 13.4 Surface loads on a half-space: two-dimensional theory 13.5 Surface loads on a half-space: three-dimensional theory 13.6 Hydraulic fracturing 13.7 Other stress measurement methods 14. Geological Applications 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Stresses and faulting 14.3 Overthrust faulting and sliding under gravity 14.4 Stresses around faults 14.5 Mechanics of intrusion 14.6 Beam models for crustal folding 14.7 Earthquake mechanics References

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Biography

John Conrad Jaeger received a first-class honours degree in mathematics and physics from the University of Sydney, was Wrangler (class I) in the Mathematical Tripos at Cambridge, and received a DSc in applied mathematics from the University of Sydney. He was a professor at the University of Tasmania and the Australian National University. He was the author of several monographs in applied mathematics, including, with H. S. Carslaw, Conduction of Heat in Solids, and was a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science and the Royal Society. Neville G. W. Cook received a BS and PhD in geophysics from the University of Witwatersrand. He was the founder and first director of the Mining Research Laboratory of the South African Chamber of Mines, and in 1971 he received the Gold Medal of the Scientific and Technical Societies, the highest scientific award in South Africa. He was Donald H. McLaughlin Chair in Mineral Engineering at the University of California at Berkeley, and was a member of the U. S. National Academy of Engineering. Robert Zimmerman received BS and MS degrees from Columbia University, and a PhD from the University of California at Berkeley. He has been a staff scientist in the Earth Sciences Division of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Reader in Rock Mechanics at Imperial College, London. He is currently Professor of Engineering Geology at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and co-editor of the International Journal of Rock Mechanics. He is also the author of the monograph Compressibility of Sandstones.