The main purpose of this text is to demonstrate how Newtonian gravitational theory and Euclidean geometry can be used and developed in the particular environment of the earth. The second is to collect and explain some of the mathematical techniques developed for measuring the earth by satellite. The book includes chapters on the earth's gravitational field; matrices and orbital geometry; satellite orbit dynamics (including perturbations and resonance); geometry of satellite observations; statistical implications; and data analysis. Prerequisites are an introductory course in college physics and a first-year course in calculus.