Providing an overview of the common themes and experiences in participatory approaches to monitoring and evaluation across different institutions and sectors, this text is a compilation of selected case studies and discussions between practitioners, academics, donors and policymakers. It is drawn from an international workshop on Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation (PM&E), which was held in the Philippines at the International Institute for Rural Reconstruction, in November 1997. It explores conceptual, methodological, institutional and policy issues which need to be addressed in order to enrich understanding of PM&E. The book is in three sections. Section One provides a general overview of participatory monitoring and evaluation, synthesizing literature surveys and regional reviews of PM&E practice around the globe. Section Two presents case studies that illustrate the diverse range of settings and contexts in which PM&E is being applied. Section Three raises the key issues and challenges arising from the case studies and the workshop proceedings, and proposes areas for future research and action.