Natural Attenuation of Contaminants in Soils

About this book

Natural attenuation has become widely recognised as an effective and low-cost alternative to remediation. This book covers the natural attenuation process and its proper implementation.

Contents

NATURAL ATTENUATION AND GROUND CONTAMINATIONLand UseContaminated GroundPollutants and Ground ContaminationControl and Management of Pollution PlumesNatural Attenuation and Regulatory AttitudesSOIL COMPOSITION AND TRANSMISSIONNature of SoilSoil Fractions, Composition and AttenuationClay Minerals and Soil FractionsPhysical Characteristics and PropertiesSurface Properties of SoilSOIL-WATER SYSTEMS AND INTERACTIONSFunctional Groups and Electrical ChargesSoil-Water Energy CharacteristicsChemical Reactions in Pore WaterInteractions, Exchanges and SorptionChemical Buffering and PartitioningWater Movement in SoilsMovement of SolutesPARTITIONING AND MOBILITY OF HEAVY METALSInorganic ContaminantsMobility, Availability and SPRInteractions and Assimilation of Heavy MetalsPartitioning of Heavy MetalsPreferential Sorption and SelectivitySoil Fractions and SorptionINTERACTIONS BETWEEN ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS AND SOIL-WATER SYSTEMSOrganic Chemical ContaminantsAdsorption and Bonding MechanismsPartitioning of Organic Chemical PollutantsInteractions and FateBIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF CONTAMINANTSTypes of OrganismsClassification of MicroorganismsPhysical and Chemical Environmental Effects on MicroorganismsBiodegradation of Organic ChemicalsBiotransformation of Metals, Non-Metals and RadionuclidesFIELD PERFORMANCE AND ASSESSMENTSAssessment of Potential for Natural AttenuationAssessment of SustainabilityProcedures for MonitoringModels to Simulate Natural AttenuationProtocols Developed for Natural AttenuationCase Studies of Natural AttenuationPRESENT APPLICATION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR NATURAL ATTENUATIONMitigation of ContaminationMonitoring and Evidence of SuccessEnhanced Natural AttenuationEngineered Natural AttenuationObservations on Future ApplicationsConcluding Remarks

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