Physiology and Behaviour of Animal Suffering

About this book

The first book to address both the physiological and behavioural aspects of pain. The book explores different causes of suffering, the responses in the body that lead to suffering, and offers insight into how suffering is managed.

Contents
1 Introduction; 1.1 What Is Suffering? 1.2 Why Worry about Suffering? 1.3 When Can We Stop Worrying about Suffering? 1.4 Recognising Suffering in Animals; 1.5 Can Animals Go Mad? 1.6 What Constitutes Animal Suffering? 1.7 Conclusions; 2 Stress; 2.1 Stress Physiology; 2.2 Stress-related Disorders; 2.3 Restraint Stress; 2.4 Stress-induced Analgesia; 2.5 Stress-induced Seizures and Fits; 3 Anxiety and Fear; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Anxiety; 3.3 Experimental Models; 3.4 Fear; 3.5 Fright; 3.6 Phobias; 3.7 Panic; 3.8 The Role of the Amygdala; 3.9 Losing One's Mother; 4 Emotional Numbness and Deprivation; 4.1 Anhedonia; 4.2 Depression; 4.3 Social isolation in the Newborn; 4.4 Sensory Deprivation in Early Life; 4.5 Sensory Deprivation in Later Life; 4.6 Social isolation and barren environments; 4.7 Stereotypies and neurotic behaviours; 4.8 Learned Helplessness; 4.9 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder; 4.10 Sleep Disorders; 4.11 Weaning; 4.12 Physiology of Emotions; 5 Aggression, Overcrowding and Discomfort; 5.1 Aggression; 5.2 Overcrowding and Confinement; 5.3 Discomfort; 6 Exercise; 6.1 Overexertion; 6.2 Endurance Riding; 6.3 Horse-racing Injuries; 6.4 Greyhound Racing Injuries; 6.5 Migration; 7 Cold; 7.1 Cold Discomfort and Pain; 7.2 Skin Freezing and Chilblains; 7.3 Hypothermia; 7.4 Sensitivity to Cold; 7.5 Hypothermia and Cold Survival; 7.6 Cold in Combination with Starvation; 7.7 Cold-induced Analgesia; 8 Heat and Burns; 8.1 Heat Stress; 8.2 Heat Intolerance; 8.3 Some Species Differences; 8.4 Pain; 8.5 Burns and Scalds; 9 Thirst and Hunger; 9.1 Thirst and Dehydration; 9.2 Overhydration; 9.3 Osmotic Stress; 9.4 Hunger; 9.5 Underfeeding; 9.6 Emaciation; 9.7 Inappropriate Diets; 9.8 Forced Moulting; 9.9 Force-feeding and Overeating; 10 Pain; 10.1 The Value of Pain; 10.2 Pain Associated with Trauma; 10.3 Ways in Which Animals Express Pain; 10.4 Pain Pathways and Consciousness; 10.5 Cortical Regions; 10.6 Applied Neurology of Pain; 10.7 Pain in a Given Context; 11 Trauma; 11.1 Injuries in Selected Body Regions and Tissues; 11.2 Some Common Causes of Injury; 11.3 Intended or Avoidable Causes of Trauma; 11.4 Types of Injury; 12 Sickness and Disease; 12.1 Is Suffering an Inevitable Consequence of Being Ill? 12.2 Do the Behaviours Expressed During Sickness Serve a Purpose? 12.3 Cytokines and Sickness Behaviours; 12.4 Cancer; 12.5 Stress and Immune Function; 12.6 Corticosteroid Therapy; 12.7 Anaemia; 12.8 Hazards of Improving Disease Control; 12.9 Diseases Used in Controlling Pests; 13 Digestive System; 13.1 Nausea; 13.2 Vomiting and Retching; 13.3 Gut Pain; 13.4 Diarrhoea; 13.5 Gut Injuries; 13.6 Stress and the Gut; 13.7 Gastro-intestinal Ulcers; 14 Poisoning; 14.1 Wartime Poisons; 14.2 Environmental Toxicants; 14.3 Vertebrate Pesticides; 15 Respiratory System; 15.1 Asphyxia; 15.2 Breathlessness; 15.3 Carbon Dioxide Inhalation; 15.4 Drowning; 15.5 Pulmonary Oedema; 15.6 Hypoxia; 15.7 Altitude Sickness; 15.8 Decompression; 15.9 Collapse of the Lung and Pneumothorax; 15.10 Asthma and Allergies; 15.11 Ammonia; 15.12 Signs of Respiratory Distress; 15.13 Agonal Gasping; 16 Dying; 16.1 Euthanasia; 16.2 Decapitation; 16.3 Religious Slaughter; 16.4 Death from Brain Injury; 16.5 Recognising Insensibility and Brain Death; References; Abbreviations; Index

Contents

Foreword. Preface. 1 Introduction. 1.1 What Is Suffering? 1.2 Why Worry about Suffering? 1.3 When Can We Stop Worrying about Suffering? 1.4 Recognising Suffering in Animals. 1.5 Can Animals Go Mad? 1.6 What Constitutes Animal Suffering? 1.7 Conclusions. 2 Stress. 2.1 Stress Physiology. 2.2 Stress-related Disorders. 2.3 Restraint Stress. 2.4 Stress-induced Analgesia. 2.5 Stress-induced Seizures and Fits. 3 Anxiety and Fear. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Anxiety. 3.3 Experimental Models. 3.4 Fear. 3.5 Fright. 3.6 Phobias. 3.7 Panic. 3.8 The Role of the Amygdala. 3.9 Losing One's Mother. 4 Emotional Numbness and Deprivation. 4.1 Anhedonia. 4.2 Depression. 4.3 Social isolation in the Newborn. 4.4 Sensory Deprivation in Early Life. 4.5 Sensory Deprivation in Later Life. 4.6 Social isolation and barren environments. 4.7 Stereotypies and neurotic behaviours. 4.8 Learned Helplessness. 4.9 Post-traumatic Stress Disorder. 4.10 Sleep Disorders. 4.11 Weaning. 4.12 Physiology of Emotions. 5 Aggression, Overcrowding and Discomfort. 5.1 Aggression. 5.2 Overcrowding and Confinement. 5.3 Discomfort. 6 Exercise. 6.1 Overexertion. 6.2 Endurance Riding. 6.3 Horse-racing Injuries. 6.4 Greyhound Racing Injuries. 6.5 Migration. 7 Cold. 7.1 Cold Discomfort and Pain. 7.2 Skin Freezing and Chilblains. 7.3 Hypothermia. 7.4 Sensitivity to Cold. 7.5 Hypothermia and Cold Survival. 7.6 Cold in Combination with Starvation. 7.7 Cold-induced Analgesia. 8 Heat and Burns. 8.1 Heat Stress. 8.2 Heat Intolerance. 8.3 Some Species Differences. 8.4 Pain. 8.5 Burns and Scalds. 9 Thirst and Hunger. 9.1 Thirst and Dehydration. 9.2 Overhydration. 9.3 Osmotic Stress. 9.4 Hunger. 9.5 Underfeeding. 9.6 Emaciation. 9.7 Inappropriate Diets. 9.8 Forced Moulting. 9.9 Force-feeding and Overeating. 10 Pain. 10.1 The Value of Pain. 10.2 Pain Associated with Trauma. 10.3 Ways in Which Animals Express Pain. 10.4 Pain Pathways and Consciousness. 10.5 Cortical Regions. 10.6 Applied Neurology of Pain. 10.7 Pain in a Given Context. 11 Trauma. 11.1 Injuries in Selected Body Regions and Tissues. 11.2 Some Common Causes of Injury. 11.3 Intended or Avoidable Causes of Trauma. 11.4 Types of Injury. 12 Sickness and Disease. 12.1 Is Suffering an Inevitable Consequence of Being Ill? 12.2 Do the Behaviours Expressed During Sickness Serve a Purpose? 12.3 Cytokines and Sickness Behaviours. 12.4 Cancer. 12.5 Stress and Immune Function. 12.6 Corticosteroid Therapy. 12.7 Anaemia. 12.8 Hazards of Improving Disease Control. 12.9 Diseases Used in Controlling Pests. 13 Digestive System. 13.1 Nausea. 13.2 Vomiting and Retching. 13.3 Gut Pain. 13.4 Diarrhoea. 13.5 Gut Injuries. 13.6 Stress and the Gut. 13.7 Gastro-intestinal Ulcers. 14 Poisoning. 14.1 Wartime Poisons. 14.2 Environmental Toxicants. 14.3 Vertebrate Pesticides. 15 Respiratory System. 15.1 Asphyxia. 15.2 Breathlessness. 15.3 Carbon Dioxide Inhalation. 15.4 Drowning. 15.5 Pulmonary Oedema. 15.6 Hypoxia. 15.7 Altitude Sickness. 15.8 Decompression. 15.9 Collapse of the Lung and Pneumothorax. 15.10 Asthma and Allergies. 15.11 Ammonia. 15.12 Signs of Respiratory Distress. 15.13 Agonal Gasping. 16 Dying. 16.1 Euthanasia. 16.2 Decapitation. 16.3 Religious Slaughter. 16.4 Death from Brain Injury. 16.5 Recognising Insensibility and Brain Death. References. Abbreviations. Index.

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