The first section focuses on morphogenesis, the cell cycle, and the cell wall of human pathogens. These play a major role in elucidating fungal relationships, both with the environment and with the host. Experts in fungal structural biology contribute in-depth reviews on a variety of topics with a focus on molecular and biochemical analysis. The final chapter in this section presents a fascinating review of how mathematical modelling can be used to understand the building of three-dimensional cell structures in the morphogenetic process. The second section, entitled "New Taxonomic Tools", presents novel approaches to aid the understanding of strain variability, the significance of environmental and patient strains, and the relatedness of `uncultured' fungi. In addition the use of molecular tools for the taxonomic classification of previously unclassifiable fungi is featured.