Explore On-farm aims at improving sustainable production of rainfed wheat-based farming systems. These guidelines are for agricultural researchers but also act as a vehicle for active involvement with extension officers and the farmers who carry out the trials on their own farms. The trials should lead to the identification and reduction of constraints to productivity and to the adaptation of general recommendations to local conditions. These guidelines work upon increasing understanding of the local environment and how it, the crop and other yield-determining factors interact; improving management of cropping systems and thus, sustainable yield and increasing crop diversification. They are not a set of static rules, on the contrary, they encourage modifications in order to address local needs and circumstances after a cycle of learning, thought and discussion among all collaborators.