In this volume the condition of floodplain forests and ecological impacts of anthropogenic effects is reviewed. The most important anthropogenic impacts dealt with are as follows: decrease of floodplain forest area in favor of agriculture; watercourse regulation resulting in termination of floods and groundwater table decrease; construction of dams or building of water reservoirs resulting in destruction of floodplain forest areas; interactions between floodplain forests and housing estates; intensive game-management; and fragmentation of floodplain forest ecosystems.