Geological Deformation of Sediments

About this book

This book covers the theoretical principles, their application and results in all the geological environments where sediment deformation is now known to be important. It explains the basic ideas for a newcomer, but develops concepts and provides numerous up-to-date literature references for the advanced specialist. The emphasis is on employing a sound understanding of mechanical principles to analyze observed structures.

Contents

Part 1 Introduction and overview, Alex Maltman: general considerations; mechanical aspects; causes of deformation. Part 2 Mechanical principles of sediment deformation, Mervyn Jones: introduction; mechanics of particulate media in theory and experiment; natural stress, strain, and pore pressure; conclusions. Part 3 Glacial deformation, Tavi Murray: introduction; subglacial conditions; stresses arising from overlying ice; sediment properties; the sediment transport system - production, alteration, and loss; models of sediment properties and deformation; basal processes as a control of deformation; effects of deformation; preservation of features; other types of glacial deformation; conclusion. Part 4 Sedimentary deformational structures, John Collinson: introduction; principles of physical disturbance; deformational structures; deformation related to early chemical precipitation. Part 5 Mass movements, Ole Martinsen: introduction; falls; fluidal flows; flows with plastic behaviour; slumps; slides; creep. Part 6 Tectonic deformation - stress paths and strain histories, Dan Karig & Julie Morgan: introduction; stress paths of sediments in basins; stress paths in accretionary prisms; conclusions. Part 7 Fluids in deforming sediments, Kevin Brown: introduction; basic hydrogeological concepts; fluid sources and tectonic driving of flow; permeability in active tectonic systems; control of lithology and consolidation on permeability; permeability at low effective stress; deformation and tortuosity; conclusions. Part 8 Melanges - illustrations of the dewatering, deformation, diagenesis interplay, Tim Byrne: introduction; progressive deformation and dewatering in the nankai accretionary prism; coherent sediments in the kodiak accretionary prism; melange terranes in the kodiak accretionary prism; accreted sediments in Western Washington; conclusions. Part 9 Deformation structures preserved in rocks, Alex Maltman: introduction; techniques of examination; microfabrics; micro/macroscopic structures; macro/mesoscopic structures; recognition of sediment deformation structures.

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