Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry

About this book

Addressing key issues related to the field, "Applications of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry: A Practical Guide" provides the essential background for understanding and applying the material to practical problems. This second edition features a new chapter on radioisotope contaminants along with new sections on the principles of environmental forensics; organic contaminants such as chlorinated solvents; hazardous wastes, including EPA definitions; wastewater treatment of industrial, municipal, and agricultural wastes; and, interpreting the significance of water quality data. The text also discusses regulatory requirements for discharges and contains end-of-chapter worked problems.

Contents

Water Quality Defining Environmental Water Quality Sources of Water Impurities Measuring Impurities Contaminant Behavior in the Environment: Basic Principles Behavior of Contaminants in Natural Waters What Are the Fates of Different Pollutants? Processes That Remove Pollutants from Water Major Contaminant Groups and Natural Pathways for Their Removal from Water Chemical and Physical Reactions in the Water Environment Partitioning Behavior of Pollutants Intermolecular Forces Origins of Intermolecular Forces: Electronegativities, Chemical Bonds, and Molecular Geometry Solubility and Intermolecular Attractions Major Water Quality Parameters and Applications Interactions Among Water Quality Parameters pH Oxidation--Reduction Potential Carbon Dioxide, Bicarbonate, and Carbonate Acidity and Alkalinity Hardness Dissolved Oxygen Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand Nitrogen: Ammonia, Nitrite, and Nitrate Sulfide and Hydrogen Sulfide Phosphorus Solids (Total, Suspended, and Dissolved) Temperature Behavior of Metal Species in the Natural Environment Metals in Water Metal Water Quality Standards Case Study 1: Treatment of Trace Metals in Urban Stormwater Runoff; Behavior of Common Stormwater Pollutants Under Oxidizing and Reducing Conditions. Case Study 2: Acid Rock Drainage Case Study 3: Identifying Metal Loss and Gain Mechanisms in a Stream Soil, Groundwater, and Subsurface Contamination Nature of Soils Soil Profiles Organic Matter in Soil Soil Zones Contaminants Become Distributed in Water, Soil, and Air Partition Coefficients Mobility of Contaminants in the Subsurface Particulate Transport in Groundwater: Colloids Case Study: Clearing Muddy Ponds General Properties of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids and the Behavior of Light Nonaqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface Types and Properties of Nonaqueous Phase Liquids General Characteristics of Petroleum Liquids, the Most Common LNAPL Behavior of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Subsurface Formation of Petroleum Contamination Plumes Estimating the Amount of LNAPL Free Product in the Subsurface Estimating the Amount of Residual LNAPL Immobilized in the Subsurface Chemical Fingerprinting of LNAPLs Simulated Distillation Curves and Carbon Number Distribution Behavior of Dense Nonaqueous Phase Liquids in the Subsurface DNAPL Properties DNAPL Free Product Mobility Testing for the Presence of DNAPL Polychlorinated Biphenyls Biodegradation and Bioremediation of LNAPLs and DNAPLs Biodegradation and Bioremediation Basic Requirements for Biodegradation Biodegradation Processes Natural Aerobic Biodegradation of NAPL Hydrocarbons Determining the Extent of Bioremediation of LNAPL Bioremediation of Chlorinated DNAPLs Behavior of Radionuclides in the Water and Soil Environment Radionuclides Emissions and Their Properties Units of Radioactivity and Absorbed Radiation Naturally Occurring Radioisotopes in the Environment Selected Topics in Environmental Chemistry Agricultural Water Quality Sodium Adsorption Ratio Deicing and Sanding of Roads: Controlling Environmental Effects Drinking Water Treatment Ion Exchange Indicators of Fecal Contamination: Coliform and Streptococci Bacteria Municipal Wastewater Reuse: The Movement and Fate of Microbial Pathogens Oil and Grease Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Environmental Sampling Case Study: Water Quality Profile of Groundwater in Coal-Bed Methane Formations Appendix A: A Selective Dictionary of Water Quality Parameters and Pollutants Answers to Selected Chapter Exercises Index

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