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This is the first complete account of the physics of the creep and fracture of ice, and their interconnectivity. It investigates the deformation of low-pressure ice, which is fundamental to glaciers, polar ice sheets and the uppermost region of icy moons of the outer Solar System.
Creep and Fracture of Ice discusses ice structure and its defects, and describes the relationship between structure and mechanical properties. It reviews observations and measurements, and then interprets them in terms of physical mechanisms. Creep and Fracture of Ice provides a road-map to future studies of ice mechanics, such as the behaviour of glaciers and ice sheets in relation to climate change and the dating of deep ice cores. It also highlights how this knowledge is transferable into an understanding of other crystalline materials. Written by experts in the field, it is ideal for graduate students, engineers and scientists in Earth and planetary science, and materials science.
Preface
1. Introduction
2. Structure of ice
3. Microstructure of natural ice features
4. Physical properties: elasticity, diffusivity and friction
5. Plastic deformation of the ice single crystal
6. Ductile behavior of polycrystalline ice: experimental data and physical processes
7. Modelling the ductile behavior of isotropic and anisotropic polycrystalline ice
8. Rheology of high-pressure and planetary ices: fracture toughness of ice
9. Brittle failure of ice under tension
10. Brittle compressive failure of unconfined ice
11. Brittle compressive failure of confined ice
12. Ductile-to-brittle transition under compression
13. Indentation fracture and ice forces on structures
15. Fracture of the ice cover on the Arctic Ocean
Index
Erland M. Schulson completed his PhD at the University of British Columbia, and is the George Austin Colligan Distinguished Professor of Engineering at Dartmouth College, USA. He has worked on physical metallurgy, materials science and ice mechanics in laboratories and universities in Canada, France, USA and UK. He has served as a Fellow of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society and of ASM International, and been listed in ISI as a highly cited researcher in materials science. He holds four patents in the field, has published over 250 papers in international technical literature, and been invited to lecture at over 100 conferences, workshops and research centres.
Paul Duval completed his PhD at the University of Grenoble, and has been a CNRS Research Scientist in the Laboratory of Glaciology and Geophysics of the Environment since 1969. His areas of research include ice physics and mechanics, glaciology and materials science. His studies on densification of snow have been developed with applications in palaeoclimatology, and he has recently worked on the viscous behaviour of the ice on Europa, one of Jupiter's moons. He has published over 100 refereed papers in international journals.
