Post-Perovskite The Last Mantle Phase Transition

About this book

Discovery of the perovskite to post-perovskite phase transition in MgSiO₃, expected to occur for deep mantle conditions, was first announced in April 2004. This immediately stimulated numerous studies in experimental and theoretical mineral physics, seismology, and geodynamics evaluating the implications of a major lower mantle phase change. A resulting revolution in our understanding of the D" region in the lowermost mantle is well underway. Post-Perovskite: The Last Mantle Phase Transition presents the multidisciplinary advances to date ensuing from interpreting deep mantle seismological structures and dynamical processes in the context of the experimentally and theoretically determined properties of the post-perovskite phase change; the last silicate phase change likely to occur with increasing pressure in lowermost mantle rocks.

Contents

Preface
Charles T. Prewitt vii

An Introduction to Post-Perovskite: The Last Mantle Phase Transition
Kei Hirose, John Brodholt, Thorne Lay, and David A. Yuen 1

Section I: Mineral Physics (Experimental)

Review of Experimental Studies on Mantle Phase Transitions
Takehiko Yagi 9

Discovery of Post-Perovskite Phase Transition and the Nature of D” Layer
Kei Hirose 19

Effect of Iron on the Properties of Post-Perovskite Silicate
Wendy L. Mao, Andrew J. Campbell, Vitali B. Prakapenka, Russell J. Hemley, and Ho-kwang Mao 37

Electronic Transitions and Spin States in the Lower Mantle
Jie Li 47

Lattice-Preferred Orientation of Lower Mantle Materials and Seismic Anisotropy in the D” Layer
Daisuke Yamazaki and Shun-ichiro Karato 69

Section II: Mineral Physics (Theoretical)

Thermodynamic Properties and Stability Field of MgSiO3 Post-Perovskite
Renata M. Wentzcovitch, Koichiro Umemoto, Taku Tsuchiya, and Jun Tsuchiya 79

The High-Temperature Elasticity of MgSiO₃ Post-Perovskite
Stephen Stackhouse and John P. Brodholt 99

Effect of Chemistry on the Physical Properties of Perovskite and Post-Perovskite
Razvan Caracas and Ronald E. Cohen 115

Section III: Seismology

Reconciling the Post-Perovskite Phase With Seismological Observations of Lowermost Mantle Structure
Thorne Lay and Edward J. Garnero 129

Predicting a Global Perovskite and Post-Perovskite Phase Boundary
Daoyuan Sun, Don Helmberger, Xiaodong Song, and Stephen P. Grand 155

Seismic Anisotropy of Post-Perovskite and the Lowermost Mantle
James Wookey and John-Michael Kendall 171

Constraints on the Presence or Absence of Post-Perovskite in the Lowermost Mantle From Long-Period Seismology
Christine Houser 191

Section IV: Dynamics

Mantle Dynamics and the D″ Layer: Impacts of the Post Perovskite Phase
W.R. Peltier 217

Influence of the Post-Perovskite Transition on Thermal and Thermo-Chemical Mantle Convection
Paul J. Tackley, Takashi Nakagawa, and John W. Hernlund 229

The Dynamical Influences From Physical Properties in the Lower Mantle and Post-Perovskite Phase Transition
David A. Yuen, Ctirad Matyska, Ondr¡ej C¡adek, and Masanori Kameyama 249

Deformation-Induced Mechanical Instabilities at the Core-Mantle Boundary
Nick Petford, Tracy Rushmer, and David A. Yuen 271

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