To the casual eye, mangroves do not look like any other forests, but they thrive in this amphibious environment. Every living being is a product of the environment, moulded by intricate events throughout its evolutionary history. Nature endows mangrove communities with ingenious adaptations for success. As such, many associated life forms have found a niche in the mangroves.
Of the 340,000 hectares of mangroves in Sabah, over 90% are still largely intact, and most of these areas are under Sabah Forestry Department. Realizing that mangroves are important natural resources, efforts have been made to manage them in accordance with the principles of conservation and sustainable use.
Foreword 5
Introduction 6
Mangrove Flora 20
- Fern 23
- Herbs On The Forest Floor 26
- Palms 30
- Woody Climbers 35
- Trees And Shrubs 40
Mangrove Fauna 98
- Invertebrates 103
- Vertebrates 121
Acknowledgements 137
References 138
Appendices 140
Index To Scientific Names 149