Hydrology: An Environmental Approach

About this book

Text which concentrates on the basic principles and concepts of the subject, and the application of these concepts to real situations. Topics covered include: Hydrological Principles; Groundwater Flow; Groundwater Contamination and Clean-up; Groundwater Applications to Civil Engineering; Well Hydraulics; and Surface Water. Additional topics covered include: Flood Analysis; and Flood Control. Computer modelling is also introduced, and a 3.5' diskette is provided.

Contents

Introduction to Hydrology: Introduction and Overview: Recent and Traditional Trends. Hydrologic Perspective. Hydrology. Applied Hydrology. Hydrology and the Student. Professional Responsibility. Cost-Effective Practice. Box 1-1 Ultimate Heat Sink Design. Fundamental Concepts: The Hydrologic Cycle and Ground-Water Flow: Concept 1 The Hydrological Cycle, A Global Model for Practice. A Model for Practice. A Broader Perspective. Cycle Description. Holistic Planning. Concept 2 Water Flow Through Aquifers, A Case of Following the Path of Least Resistance. Aquifers. Ground-Water Flow. Applications to Practice. Fundamental Concepts: Geologic Materials and Effective Stress. Concept 3 Geology and Geologic History, A Critical Control on Hydrogeologic Properties. Description of materials. Geologic History. A Perspective. Concept 4 The Theory of Effective Stress, Impacts of Pore Water Pressure. A Misconception. Increase in Pore Pressure. Statement. Analogy. Applications to Design. An Importa nt Case-History Lesson. Box 3-1 Hydrogeologic Properties and Geologic History. Box 3-2 Particle-Size Gradation. Worked Example 3-1 Particle-Size Gradation: Granular Soils. Ground-Water Flow: Darcy's Law: Box 4-1 Hydraulic Gradient of Unity. Box 4-2 The Terms Permeabilityand Hydraulic Conductivity. Darcy's Law. Applications of Darcy's Law: Seepage Forces and Piping. Darcy's Law in Terms of Discharge. Darcy's Law in Terms of Pressure Head and Elevation Head. Box 4-3 Piezometers and Manometers. Darcy's Velocity and Seepage Velocity. Validity of Darcy's Law: Laminar Flow and Turbulent Flow. Permeability Determinations. Worked Example 4-1 Laboratory Determination of Permeability. Classification of Soils. Classification of Rock. Box 4-4 Bernoulli Equation for Fluid Potential. Flow Nets to Predict Seepage: Assumptions. Sketching a Flow New. Interpreting a Flow Net. Calculations for Seepage Loss. Worked Example 5-1 Computing Seepage Loss from Dams. Flow through Stratified Soils: Hydroge ologic Assessment. Tangent Rule. Plan-View Flow Nets. Worked Example 5-2 The Use of Plan-View Nets to Compute Seepage Loss. Waste Impoundments and Landfills. Flow Nets for Surface-Water Flow. Seepage through Earthwork Impoundments. Box 5-1 Constructing an Accurate Phreatic Line through an Earthwork Impoundment. Seepage Forces and Design: Piping. Worked Example 6-1 Design Against Piping Failure by the Critical-Gradient Method. Worked Example 6-2 Effective-Stress Method. Worked Example 6-3 Creep-Ratio Method. Uplift Pressure. Worked Example 6-4 Design Against Uplift Pressure. Liquefaction. Design of Filters and Drains. Ground-Water Contamination and Cleanup: Ground-Water Quality and Contamination: Terminolgy. Water as a Solvent. Factors Influencing Water Quality. Geochemistry. Water Quality and Usability: Industrial Use. Drinking Water and Health. Contaminant Levels. Contamination Mechanics. Attenuation. Some Common Contaminants. Animal-Borne Diseases. Aquifer and Flow-Net Modelin g: Box 8-1 Hydrolo

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