Coral Reef Remote Sensing A Guide for Mapping, Monitoring and Management

About this book

Remote sensing stands as the defining technology in our ability to monitor coral reefs, as well as their biophysical properties and associated processes, at regional to global scales. With overwhelming evidence that much of Earth's reefs are in decline, our need for large-scale, repeatable assessments of reefs has never been so great. Fortunately, the last two decades have seen a rapid expansion in the ability for remote sensing to map and monitor the coral reef ecosystem, its overlying water column, and surrounding environment.

Remote sensing is now a fundamental tool for the mapping, monitoring and management of coral reef ecosystems. Remote sensing offers repeatable, quantitative assessments of habitat and environmental characteristics over spatially extensive areas. As the multi-disciplinary field of coral reef remote sensing continues to mature, results demonstrate that the techniques and capabilities continue to improve. New developments allow reef assessments and mapping to be performed with higher accuracy, across greater spatial areas, and with greater temporal frequency. The increased level of information that remote sensing now makes available also allows more complex scientific questions to be addressed. As defined for Coral Reef Remote Sensing, remote sensing includes the vast array of geospatial data collected from land, water, ship, airborne and satellite platforms. Coral Reef Remote Sensing is organized by technology, including: visible and infrared sensing using photographic, multispectral and hyperspectral instruments; active sensing using light detection and ranging (LiDAR); acoustic sensing using ship, autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) and in-water platforms; and thermal and radar instruments.

Contents

Section I Visible and Infrared

1 Visible and Infrared Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Physical and Technical Principles
1.3 Image Processing
1.4 Future Directions
Suggested Reading
References

2 Photography Applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Photography of Coral Reefs
2.3 Photography Analysis and Classification Techniques
2.4 Example Applications of Photography
2.5 Conclusions and Future Directions
Suggested Reading
References

3 Multispectral Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Multispectral Analysis and Classification
3.3 Example Applications
3.4 Conclusions and Future Directions
Suggested Reading
References

4 Hyperspectral Applications
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Hyperspectral Planning and Preprocessing
4.3 Hyperspectral Algorithms
4.4 Conclusions
Suggested Reading
References

Section II LiDAR

5 LiDAR Overview
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Physical Principles
5.3 Image Products and Environmental Variables
5.4 Processing and Validation Requirements
Suggested Reading
References

6 LiDAR Applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Example LiDAR Applications
6.3 Future Directions in LiDAR
6.4 Conclusion
Suggested Reading References

7 Integrated LiDAR and Hyperspectral
7.1 Introduction
7.2 LiDAR/Hyperspectral Processing
7.3 Applications of LiDAR/Hyperspectral Fusion
7.4 Summary and Discussion
Suggested Reading
References 

Section III Acoustic

8 Acoustic Methods Overview
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Physical and Technical Principles
8.3 Applications of Acoustics
8.4 Conclusion
Suggested Reading
References

9 Acoustic Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Applications
9.3 State of the Science and Future Directions
Suggested Reading
References 

10 Deep Acoustic Applications
10.1 Introduction
10.2 History of Mapping Cold-Water Coral Habitats
10.3 Cold-Water Coral Mapping Example
10.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
Suggested Reading
References 

Section IV Thermal and Radar

11 Thermal and Radar Overview
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Thermal Overview
11.3 Radar Overview
11.4 Conclusion
Suggested Reading
References

12 Thermal Applications
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Thermal Data Products and Analysis
12.3 Example Thermal Applications
12.4 Future Directions
Suggested ReadingReferences

13 Radar Applications
13.1 Introduction
13.2 HF Ocean Radar
13.3 VHF High Resolution Radar
13.4 Synthetic Aperture Radar
13.5 Scatterometers
13.6 X-band Wave Radars
13.7 Conclusions and Future Directions
Suggested Reading
References 

Section V Effective Use of Remote Sensing in Science and Management

14 Validation
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Sampling Design and Accuracy Measures
14.3 Validation Literature Review
14.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
Suggested Reading
References

15 Science and Management
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Research and Management Needs
15.3 Example Applications
15.4 Conclusions and Recommendations
Suggested Reading
References

Index

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