Using a selection of key experiments performed over the past 30 years or so, we present a discussion of the strikingly counter-intuitive phenomena of the quantum world that defy explanation in terms of everyday common sense reasoning, and we provide the corresponding quantum mechanical explanations with a very elementary use of associated formalism. Most, but certainly not all, of the experiments we describe are optical experiments involving a very small number of photons (particles of light).
We begin with experiments on the wave-particle duality of electrons, proceed to experiments on the particle nature of light and single photon interference, delayed choice experiments and interaction-free detection, then go on to experiments involving the interference of two photons, quantum entanglement and Bell's Theorem, quantum teleportation, large-scale quantum effects and the divide between the classical and quantum worlds, addressing the question as to whether or not there is such a divide.
1. Physics Fundamentalism
2. The Duality of Particles and Waves: The Split Personality of Electrons
3. The Duality of Particles and Waves: Photons
4. More Fun With Photons: Photon Splitting and its Uses
5. Entanglement and Non-Locality: Spooky Actions at a Distance
6. Quantum Information, Quantum Cryptography, and Quantum Teleportation
7. Schrodinger's Cat and Leggett's SQUID: Quantum Effects on a Large Scale?
8. Quantum Philosophy
Appendix A: A Quantum Mechanics Timeline
Appendix B: Quantum Mechanics Experiments for Undergraduates