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This major book explores commons, lands and rights of usage in common, traditional and customary practices, and the cultural nature of 'landscapes'. Importantly, it addresses now critical matters of 'cultural severance' and largely unrecognized impacts on biodiversity and human societies, and implications for conservation, sustainability, and local economies. Cultural Severance and the Environment takes major case studies and perspectives from around the world, to address contemporary issues and challenges from historical and ecological perspectives.
Cultural Severance and the Environment developed from major international conferences and collaborations over around fifteen years, culminating 'The End of Tradition?' in Sheffield, UK, 2010. The chapters are from individuals who are both academic researchers and practitioners. These ideas are now influencing bodies like the EU, UNESCO, and FAO, with recognition by major organisations and stakeholders, of the critical state of the environment consequent on cultural severance.
Part 1: Setting the Scene on Cultural Severance and its Implications
1. Cultural Landscapes and Problems Associated with the Loss of Tradition and Custom: an introduction and overview (Ian D. Rotherham)
2. Cultural Severance and the End of Tradition (Ian D. Rotherham)
3. Globalism and the Enclosure of the Landscape Commons (Kenneth R. Olwig)
4. A Natural Origin of the Commons: Interactions of People, Animals and Invisible Biodiversity (Ted Green)
Part 2: Case Studies of Cultural Landscapes from Around the World
5. Valorising the European rural landscape: the case of the Italian national register of historical rural landscapes (Mauro Agnoletti)
6. Severance of Traditional Grazing Landscape in the Himalayas: Commons and Ecosystems in Crisis? (Minoti Chakravarty-Kaul)
7. Early Wood Commons and Beyond (Della Hooke)
8. What, How, and Why? Collecting Traditional Knowledge on Forest Uses in Switzerland (Matthias Burgi and Martin Stuber)
9. The History of Utilization and Management of Commons and Consequences of Current Social Change in the Alpine Region of Austria(Elisabeth Johann)
10. Guided Pollards and the Basque Woodland during the Early Modern Ages (Alvaro Aragon Ruano)
11. The Evolution of Forest Landscapes in Spain's Central Mountain Range: Different Forests for Different Traditional Uses (Lopez Estebanez, N., Gomez Mediavilla, G., Gomez Mendoza, J., Madrazo Garcia de Lomana, G., Allende Alvarez, F. & Saez Pombo, E.)
12. Of Commoners and Kings (Graham Bathe)
13. The cultural landscape of royal hunting gardens from the fifteenth to the sixteenth century in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (Tomasz Samojlik, Ian D. Rotherham, Bogumila Jedrzejewska)
14. The End of Common Uses and Traditional Management in a Central European Wood (Peter Szabo)
Part 3: The History and Use of Landscape Commons
15. 'A very fair field indeed...': an Archaeology of the Common Lands of English Towns (Mark Bowden and Nicky Smith)
16. From Pasture Woodland, via Deer Park and Common, to Cultural Severance - a Case Study of the Commons of Ashampstead, Berkshire (Dick Greenaway)
17. Changing Cornish Commons (Peter Herring)
18. The Commons of the Ancient Parish of Sheffield (David Hey)
19. Traditional Uses, Destruction, Survival and Restoration of Common Land: a South Yorkshire Perspective (Melvyn Jones)
20. Abandoned Landscapes of Former German Settlement in the Czech Republic and in Slovenia (Petr Mares, Robin Rasin and Primoz Pipan)
21. Land management and Biodiversity through Time in Upper Ribblesdale, North Yorkshire, UK: Understanding the Impact of Traditional Management (Helen Shaw and Ian Whyte)
22. Policing the Commons in the Vale of York, c.1550 - c.1850 (Brodie Waddell)
23. The Parliamentary Enclosure of Upland Commons in North-west England: Economic, Social and Cultural Impacts (Ian Whyte)
Part 4: Issues and Approaches for Future Commons & Cultural Landscapes
24. Biodiversity Conservation and the Traditional Management of Common Land: the Case of the New Forest (Adrian C. Newton)
25. Looking Back to the Future: ancient, working pollards and Europe's silvo-pastoral systems (Jill Butler)
26. Promoting Stewardship of New Commons: Lessons from Wake Nature-Partnership (Gary B. Blank and George R. Hess)
27. End of Tradition, Reworking of Custom: Re-assembling Satoyama Woodlands on Tokyo's Urban Fringe (Jay Bolthouse)
28. New Commons for Old: Inspiring New Cultural Traditions (Duncan Mackay)
29. Community Grassland Conservation on a Former Common in the Wye Valley, England (George Peterken)
30. Upland Wood Pastures (Peter Quelch)
31. Concluding Thoughts on the Implications of Cultural Severance on Landscapes, Ecology and People (Ian D. Rotherham)
