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Ponds (lagoons) have been used for centuries with great success in the treatment of wastewater. Ponds created for treatment, known as stabilization ponds, model the physical and biochemical interactions that occur in natural ponds. Easy to build and manage, stabilization ponds can accommodate large fluctuations in flow, and provide results that are comparable to conventional systems at a much lower cost. Wastewater Stabilization Ponds examines the use of this natural and highly effective process.
The text is centered on wastewater pond management processes and operation procedures that provide passive treatment with a minimum of energy-driven mechanical elements. It highlights the environmental principles, practices, engineering, and mathematics involved in the design and operation of conventional wastewater stabilization ponds. It also explores the major processes, procedures, and design methods relevant to wastewater treatment ponds. This includes the basic processes, in-pond design evolution and enhancements, oxygen addition, and modifications that require energy, nutrient removal, as well as effluent total suspended solids removal.
Emphasizing the design, construction, and operation of wastewater ponds, Wastewater Stabilization Ponds serves as a valuable resource for anyone seeking information on pond construction and operation, knowledge of pond operation, and assistance in certification exam preparation and study. Presents a design of wastewater stabilization ponds Includes a complete description of pond process elements Provides descriptions of pond insect macroinvertebrates Incorporates pond morphometry calculations Contains extensive pond-related math problems Sustainability and energy conservation are underlying themes throughout the text and the authors offer valuable information on potential renewable energy sources.
Introduction
Setting The Stage
Still Waters
on Ponds
References and Recommended Reading
Pond Process Elements
Microorganisms
Microbiology: What is it?
Wastewater Microorganisms
Key Terms
Bacteria
Algae
Invertebrates
Pond Macroinvertebrates
References and Recommended Reading
Biochemistry in a Wastewater Stabilization Pond
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Nitrogen Cycle
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
pH and Alkalinity
Physical Factors
Pond Nutritional Requirements
References and Recommended Reading
Pond Math Parameters
Introduction
Metric System, Conversion Factors and SI Units
Conversion Factors
General Treatment Pond Parameters
Treatment Pond Process Control Calculations
Aerated Ponds
Still Water System Calculations
Wastewater Stabilization Pond Design Example Problems
References and Recommended Reading
Design of Wastewater Stabilization Ponds
Introduction
Anaerobic Ponds
Facultative Ponds
Aerated Pond Systems
References and Recommended Reading
Pond Construction
Introduction
Dike Construction
Pond Sealing
Pond Hydraulics
Pond Recirculation and Configuration
References and Recommended Reading
Advanced Pond Design
Introduction
Advanced Integrated Wastewater Pond Systems® (AIWPS®)
References and Recommended Reading
Nutrient Removal
Introduction
Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment Ponds
Facultative Ponds
Aerobic Ponds
Commercial Products
Removal of Phosphorus
References and Recommended Reading
Improving Pond Effluent
Introduction
Solids Removal Methods
Operational Modifications and Additions
Control of Algae and Design of Settling Basins
Comparison of Various Design Procedures
Operational Modifications to Facultative Ponds
Performance Comparison with Other Removal Methods
References and Recommended Reading
Operation, Maintenance & Troubleshooting
Introduction
Control Testing Information
Operation and Maintenance for Ponds
Pond Safety
Troubleshooting
References and Recommended Reading
Glossary
Index
Frank R. Spellman, PhD, is a retired U.S. Navy officer with 26 years of active duty, a retired environmental safety and health manager for a large wastewater sanitation district in Virginia, and a retired assistant professor of environmental health at Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia. The author/co-author of 92 books, Dr. Spellman consults on environmental matters with the U.S. Department of Justice and various law firms and environmental entities throughout the globe. Spellman holds a BA in public administration, a BS in business management, and an MBA and MS/PhD in environmental engineering.
Joanne E. Drinan is a retired U.S. Navy chief petty officer with 20 years of active duty. She worked for 13 years as an administrative coordinator for a large wastewater treatment sanitation district in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Currently, Drinan works for a nonprofit organization in Oneonta, New York. She is the author/co-author of more than 12 environmental science books. She holds a BS in business administration from St. Leo University.
