ZooKeys 461: A Synopsis of the Genus Ethmia Hübner in Costa Rica Biology, Distribution, and Description of 22 New Species ( Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea, Depressariidae, Ethmiinae), with emphasis on the 42 species Known from Área de Conservación Guanacaste

About this book

Language: English

This is one of several on-going taxonomic clarifications of species-rich genera of Costa Rican Depressariidae.

Depressariidae, with small leaf-tying caterpillars, formerly included in Elachistidae, is one of the most species-rich families of Gelechioidea. There are more than 1 500 described Neotropical species, and on-going intense inventory and DNA barcoding suggests there may be three or more times this number. The species-rich genus Ethmia (Ethmiinae), analyzed here just for Costa Rica, are small moths with worldwide distribution. ZooKeys 461: A Synopsis of the Genus Ethmia Hübner in Costa Rica is a product of the Costa Rican national-level Lepidoptera inventory since 1978 by the parataxonomists of the Costa Rican Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) and the Area de Conservacion (ACG) in northwestern Costa Rica. This massive light-trapping and rearing has doubled the known Costa Rican Ethmia fauna to 45 species; 22 new species are described here. We illustrate male and female genitalia, maps of Costa Rican localities, and the strikingly colored caterpillars of many of them. DNA barcoding, coupled with host plant records and morphology of nearly all species has greatly aided disentangling complexes of look-alike species. The many patronyms honor people who have given deeply of their time and resources for the founding and growth of INBio and ACG during the last three decades.

Contents

Introduction   4
Methods   4
List of Ethmia species found in Costa Rica   9

Results   10
   Ethmia: Section I   10
      Kirbyi species-group   10
         Ethmia delliella (Fernald)   11
         Ethmia bittenella (Busck)   12
      Cypraella species-group   12
         Ethmia festiva Busck   12
         Ethmia blaineorum sp. n.   13
         Ethmia scythropa Walsingham   14
         Ethmia perpulchra Walsingham   15
         Ethmia terpnota Walsingham   16
         Ethmia millerorum sp. n.   16
         Ethmia elutella Busck   17
         Ethmia janzeni Powell   18
         Ethmia ungulatella Busck   19
      Exornata species-group   19
         Exornata species complex   19
            Ethmia exornata (Zeller)   20
            Ethmia dianemillerae sp. n.   21
            Ethmia adrianforsythi sp. n.   22
            Ethmia phylacis Walsingham   23
            Ethmia mnesicosma Meyrick   24
      Notatella species-group   25
         Ethmia chemsaki Powell   25
         Ethmia stephenrumseyi sp. n.   26
   Ethmia: Section II   27
      Baliostola species-group   27
         Ethmia baliostola Walsingham   27
      Confusella species-group   28
            Ethmia berndkerni sp. n.   29
         Duckworthi species complex   30
            Ethmia dimauraorum sp. n.   30
            Ethmia duckworthi Powell   31
            Ethmia billalleni sp. n.   32
            Ethmia ehakernae sp. n.   33
            Ethmia sandra Powell   34
            Ethmia helenmillerae sp. n.   35
            Ethmia johnpringlei sp. n.   36
      Longimaculella species-group   37
            Ethmia nigritaenia Powell   37
            E. laphamorum sp. n.   38
         Catapeltica species complex   39
            Ethmia catapeltica Meyrick   39
            Ethmia petersterlingi sp. n.   40
            Ethmia lesliesaulae sp. n.   41
            Ethmia turnerorum sp. n.   42
            Ethmia normgershenzi sp. n.   43
            Ethmia nicholsonorum sp. n.   44
            Ethmia lichyi Powell   45
            Ethmia hendersonorum sp. n.   46
            Ethmia transversella Busck   47
            Ethmia randyjonesi sp. n.   47
            Ethmia randycurtisi sp. n.   48
         Trifurcella species complex   49
            Ethmia miriamschulmanae sp. n.   49
            Ethmia similatella Busck   50
            Ethmia tilneyorum sp. n.   51
      Hammella species-group   52
         Ethmia hammella Busck   52
      Joviella species-group   53
         Ethmia linda Busck   53

Figures   54
DNA barcode sequences and divergence   82
Acknowledgments   83
References   84

Supplementary material 1   86
Supplementary material 2   86
Supplementary material 3   86

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