Seismic Earth Array Analysis of Broadband Seismograms

About this book

Seismology is one of the few means available to Earth scientists for probing the mechanical structure of the Earth's interior. The advent of modern seismic instrumentation at the end of the 19th century and its installation across the globe was shortly followed by mankind's first general understanding of the Earth's interior: The Croatian seismologist Andrija Mohorovièiæ discovered the crust-mantle boundary in central Europe in 1909, the German Beno Gutenberg determined the radius of the Earth's core in 1913, Great Britian's Sir Harold Jeffreys established its fluid character by 1926, and the Dane Inge Lehman discovered the solid inner core in 1936. It is notable that seismology, even in its earliest days, was an international science. Unlike much of the Earth sciences, seismology has its roots in physics, notably optics (many university seismology programs are, or initially were, attached to meteorology, astronomy, or physics departments), and draws from the literatures of imaging systems and statistical communications theory developed by, or employed in, astronomy, electrical engineering, medicine, ocean acoustics, and nondestructive materials testing. Seismology has close ties to petro-physics and mineral physics, the measurements of the disciplines being compared to infer the chemical and physical structure of the Earth's interior.

Contents

Preface
      Alan Levander and Guust Nolet vii

I. Aspects of Modern Practices
Perspectives on Array Seismology and USArray
      Alan Levander and Guust Nolet 1
Case Studies of Seismic Tomography and Earthquake Location in a Regional Context
      William Menke 7
Traveltimes and Amplitudes of Seismic Waves: A Re-assessment
      Guust Nolet, F. A. Dahlen, and Raffaella Montelli 37
Seismic Tomography With Irregular Meshes
      Malcolm Sambridge and Nick Rawlinson 49
Surface Wave Tomography Applied to the North American Upper Mantle
      Suzan van der Lee and Andrew Frederiksen 67
Array Analysis of Two-Dimensional Variations in Surface Wave Phase Velocity and Azimuthal Anisotropy in the Presence of Multipathing Interference
      Donald W. Forsyth and Aibing Li 81
Imaging Three-Dimensional Anisotropy With Broadband Seismometer Arrays
      Karen M. Fischer, Aibing Li, Donald W. Forsyth, and Shu-Huei Hung 99
Imaging Earthquake Source Complexity
      Satoshi Ide, Gregory C. Beroza, and Jeffrey J. McGuire 117

II. Scattered Wave Imaging and Wave Equation Methods
Subsurface Imaging of Complex Structures by Reflection Seismic Data
      Biondo Biondi and Dimitri Bevc 137
Imaging Teleseismic P to S Scattered Waves Using the Kirchhoff Integral
      Alan Levander, Fenglin Niu, and William W. Symes 149
Direct Imaging of the Coda of Teleseismic P Waves
      Gary L. Pavlis 1 71
Multichannel Inversion of Scattered Teleseismic Body Waves: Practical Considerations and Applicability
      Stephane Rondenay, Michael G. Bostock, and Karen M. Fischer 187
The Spectral-Element Method in Seismology
      Dimitri Komatitsch, Seiji Fsuboi, and Jeroen Tromp 205
Introduction to Radiative Transfer of Seismic Waves
      Ludovic Margerin 229

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