This monograph is a detailed account, with both systematic descriptions and a key, of tne morphologies of the pollen grains and spores of the native plants now found throughout South and Central Australia. Pollen grains and spores are particularly important in palaeogeographic research, especially of the most recent geological period, the Quaternary Era, since they are frequently preserved as fossils in sediments. By comparison of the fossil pollen grains and spores with those found at present, it is possible to reconstruct aspects of the palaeogeography of a region. This monograph, describing the pollen and spores of 505 of the 706 genera found within 140 families native to this region, provides, for the first time in Australia, a reference volume to aid the identification of such fossils, and thus an aid to furthering our understanding of the environment, climate and geography of the region in the past.