This atlas presents the three-dimensional fine structure of the primate retina and choroid, two component tissues of the primate eye that, although crucial for vision and of complex organization, are less than one millimetre in thickness together. A large number of electron micrographs illustrate the subtle yet significant changes in morphology from cell layer to cell layer as revealed by tangential section. Each plate is accompanied by a description of morphological characteristics and their relevance for visual function. Related developmental, biochemical and physiological aspects, as well as data on the quantitative composition of the retina, are also included. An introductory section summarizes what is currently known about the relationship between structure and function for the human and monkey retina and choroid. The atlas has been designed as a reference for all eye researchers and ophthalmic practitioners concerned with the anatomical basis of primate vision.