This book is a comprehensive analysis of the development of biotechnology in the successor states of the former USSR. The authors demonstrate that in the more traditional areas of industrial biotechnology, such as the production of bulk products for agriculture, the USSR achieved major successes. However, with regard to new technologies based on genetic engineering it has lagged behind world developments. The authors also outline the different strategies which are likely to be adopted by the new national governments. The book includes a directory of biotechnology organisations, institutes and factories providing an up-to-date list of key contacts.