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Nitrogen fixation is a key component of the nitrogen cycle, one of the most fundamental nutrient cycles in the biosphere. Conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into organic nitrogen compounds can be carried out only by certain bacteria and blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). Some nitrogen fixing bacteria live symbiotically with leguminous plants such as peas, beans, clover and certain tropical trees in nodules on the plants' roots, while others live independently in the soil and aquatic habitats. By the activity of these microorganisms, the soil is enriched with the nitrogen required for plant growth and function. Thus the topic is of considerable practical as well as fundamental importance. In "Biological Nitrogen Fixation", leading researchers in nitrogen fixation from all over the world contribute general reviews on all aspects of the subject, from molecular biology and genetics to the biochemistry, physiology and ecology of nitrogen fixation. This compendium of current research should be of use to all who deal indirectly with the subject. It also aims to serve as a textbook for graduate students in microbiology, plant science, biochemistry, molecular biology, plant pathology, agronomy and genetics.
Contents
Highlights in biological nitrogen fixation during the last fifty years - H J Evans and R H Burris; Phylogenetic classification of nitrogen-fixing organisms - J P W Young; Physiology and classification of nitrogen fixation in free-living heterotrophs - S Hill; Nitrogen fixation by photosynthetic bacteria - G P Roberts and P W Ludden; Nitrogen fixation by cyanobacteria - R Haselkorn and W J Buikema; Nitrogen fixation by methanogenic bacteria - A L Lobo and S H Zinder; Associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria - C Elmerich, W Zimmer and C Vielle; Actinorhizal symbioses - D D Baker and B C Mullin; Ecology of bradyrhizobium and rhizobium - P Bottomley; The rhizobium infection process - J W Kijne; Physiology of nitrogen-fixing legume nodules compartments and functions - D Werner; Hydrogen recycling in symbiotic bacteria - D Arp; Evolution of nitrogen-fixing symbioses - J I Sprent and J A Raven; The rhizobium symbiosis of the non legume parasponia - J-H Becking; Genetic analysis of rhizobium nodulation - S R Long; Nodulins in root nodule development - H J Franssen, J-P Nap and T Bisseling; Plant genetics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation - D A Phillips and L Teuber; Molecular genetics of Bradyrhizobium symbioses - W M Barbour, S-P Wang and G Stacey; Enzymology of molybdenum-dependent nitrogen fixation - M G Yates; Alternative nitrogen fixation systems - P E Bishop and R Premakumar; Biochemical genetics of nitrogenase - D R Dean and M R Jacobson; Regulation of nitrogen fixation genes in free living and symbiotic bacteria - J M Merrick; Isolated iron-molybdenum cofactor of nitrogenase - W E Newton.
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