In this monograph of Nectandra, the first in more than 100 years, Rohwer attempts a revision of this large and complex genus. Though the author recognizes 114 species from the New World, he acknowledges this to be a probable understatement. This is underscored by the number of species of "uncertain status," with doubtful names, excluded from this monograph, and with invalid names that have nevertheless been attributed to Nectandra at one time or another.