One of the most topical issues in upland land management concerns the relationship between birds of prey and red grouse. Birds of prey are of great conservation interest, while grouse are important to the economy of many upland estates. This publication describes the results of a study which examined the impact of raptor predation on red grouse numbers. The study was based at Langholm in south-west Scotland, but was also extended, in part, to five other study moors elsewhere in Scotland.