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About this book
This text addresses two main questions: how can we explain the fact that governments take different positions on common problems?; and why do some states push for international regulation whilst others hold back? It also explores the variance in implementation and compliance with international agreements. The book reports findings and observations from a major study focusing on the efforts to establish international regulations to cope with the problem known as "acid rain". It offers in-depth case studies of ten European countries as well as a comparative analysis searching for patterns and conclusions.
Contents
Part 1 The domestic basis of international environmental agreements: ecological interdependence and the problem of international co-operation; the phases of international co-operation; the formation of national preferences; from national preferences to collective action; the implementation of international agreements; dynamics of regime development; organization of the book. Part 2 The problem of long-range transport of air pollution and the acidification regime: problem focus - the "acidification regime"; the acidification problem; the formation of the "acidification regime"; the LRTAP protocols - the evolution of the regime; "second generation" protocols - initial steps toward joint problem solving; the role of the EC - actor and arena. Part 3 Conceptual framework - modelling supply of and demand for environmental regulation: purpose and scope; dependent variables; explanatory models; domestic politics (model II); social learning and policy diffusion (model III); modelling open systems and dynamic processes. Part 4 Sweden - a pioneer of acidification abatement: domestic actions; international performance and negotiating positions; implementation and compliance records; Sweden as a unitary rational actor; the domestic politics of acidification; social learning and policy diffusion. Part 5 The reluctant pusher - Norway and the Acid Rain Convention: Norway - a downstream country with a vulnerable natural environment; domestic policy prior to the LRTAP regime; Norway's role in the LRTAP negotiations; implementation and compliance record; model I - the state as a unitary rational actor; model II - domestic politics; model III - social learning and policy diffusion. Part 6 Reversing (inter)national policy - Germany's response to transboundary air pollution: Germany and acid rain; the problem as seen by Germany; domestic policy and regulations prior to international negotiations; role of Germany in LRTAP and EU negotiations; implementation and compliance record; explaining national policy formation and implementation. Part 7 The Finnish fight for the green gold: the problem of air pollution; beginning of air pollution control - the Geneva Convention (1979); first phase of the sulphur policy - the Oslo Sulphur Protocol (1994); nitrogen policy - the Sofia Nitrogen Protocol and Declaration (1988); VOC policy - the Geneva VOC Protocol (1991); explaining the Finnish policy. Part 8 Switzerland - from pusher to laggard in clean air policy: acidification and the vulnerability of the Alpine ecosystem; an early starter; Switzerland's role in the LRTAP negotiations; domestic implementation and compliance records; affected values and public opinion. (Part contents).
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