About this book
Internationally known scientists review what has been accomplished thus far in developing acceptable alternatives to classical animal toxicity assessment methods. Authoritative chapters describe not only the many practical alternative approaches that have recently emerged, but also consider current trends and likely future approaches, as well as emerging automated assessment techniques. Hazard assessment applications and the validation of new alternative methods are also discussed. The methods presented here will help toxicologists, cosmetic chemists, and pharmacologists greatly reduce, refine, or even possibly replace, the use of laboratory animals in their work. Life science researchers will also find many new opportunities for detecting endocrine disruptions. Regulatory officers will gain a new perspective on alternative assessment, environmental assessment, and risk assessment. Significantly extending the efforts of the National Institutes of Health, the European Union, and the ICCVAM, Toxicity Assessment Alternatives offers all those evaluating toxicity today a cutting-edge collection of practical and highly effective alternatives.
Contents
Part I. Recent Developments on Alternatives. Tissue Engineering: An Important Technology for Assessment of Toxicity, Edith R. Schwartz. Tissue Engineering: Technology Applications and FDA Initiative, Kiki B. Hellman. Electrical Resistance Method for Measuring Volume Changes in Astrocytes, Michael Aschner. Cytotoxicity Profiles for a Series of Investigational Compounds Using Liver Slice Technology and Human-Derived Cell Cultures, Sanjeev Thohan and Ho Chung. Antagonistic Interaction of Sodium Arsenite and Lead Sulfite with UV Light on Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes, Spiros P. Katsifis and Patrick L. Kinney. The Role of Upper Airway Heat and Water Vapor Exchange in Hygroscopic Aerosol Deposition in the Human Airway: A Deposition Model, Jonathan W. Kaufman. Moving Average Interpolation for Malathion LC50 Estimation on Dugesia Tigrina: Comparison with Probit and One-Point Methods, R. B. Worobec. Physiological Modeling of Benzo(a)pyrene Pharmacokinetics in the Rat, David Moir. Part II. Current Trends and Future Directions. Resources for Biomedical Research: Opportunities for Alternatives, Elaine Young. Part III. Mechanistically Based Test Methods as Alternatives. Endocrine Disruption in Wildlife: Scientific Processes and Principles for Evaluating Effects, Richard Dickerson and Ronald Kendall, Sr. Mechanistic Animal-Replacement Approaches for Predicting Pharmacokinetics of Organic Chemicals, Patrick Poulin, Martin Beliveau, and Kannan Krishnan. Part IV. Use of Alternatives in Hazard Assessment Initiatives. Validation of the Cytosensor Microphysiometer for In Vitro Cytotoxicity Testing, R. J. Mioduszewski, C. J. Cao, M. E. Eldefrawi, A. T. Eldefrawi, D. E. Menking, and J. J. Valdez. Sulfur Mustard Effects on Cell Yield Alter Viability Assessment in Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes, Janet Moser, Susan A. Kelly, and Henry L. Meier. Development of Human Keratinocyte Colonies For Confocal Microscopy and for Study of Calcium Effects on Growth Differentiation and Sulfur Mustard Lesions: A Model, Robert J. Werrlein, Tracey A. Hamilton, and Janna S. Madren-Whalley. Phosgene-Induced Calcium Changes in Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells, Robert J. Werrlein, Stephen D. Kirby, and Janna S. Madren-Whalley. Enhanced Proteolytic Activity and Fc Receptor Expression in Human Epithelial Cells Following Exposure to Sulfur Mustard, Fred M. Cowan, Clarence A. Broomfield, and William J. Smith. Altered Expression of lntracellular and Surface Antigens By Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Exposed to Sulfur Mustard, William J. Smith. Effect of Sulfur Mustard Exposure on Human Epidermal Keratinocyte Viability and Protein Content, William J. Smith, James A. Blank, Rebekah A. Starner, Ronald G. Menton, and Joy L. Harris. The Use of In Vitro Systems to Define Therapeutic Approaches to Cutaneous Injury by Sulfur Mustard, William J. Smith, Margaret E. Martens, Clark L. Gross, Offie K. Clark, Fred M. Cowan, and Jeffrey J. Yourick. Effects of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors on the Sulfur Mustard-Induced Disruption of the Higher-Order Nuclear Structure of Human Lymphocytes, Henry L. Meier and Charles B. Millard. DNA Repair Enzymatic Response in Cultured Human Epidermal Keratinocytes Following Sulfur Mustard Exposure, K. Ramachandra Bhat, Betty J. Benton, and Radharaman Ray. Human Hepatocytes: A Novel Animal Alternative, John C. Lipscomb and Patricia D. Confer. Part V. Validation, Regulatory Acceptance, and Animal Protection Perspectives. An Animal Protection Perspective, Martin L. Stephens. Federal Interagency Activities Toward Validation and Regulatory Acceptance of Alternative Tests, Errol Zeiger. Index.
Customer Reviews
